Pistons are one of the basic elements of the internal combustion engine. It is a plunger that fits inside the cylinder walls using flexible rings called segments or rings. It performs an alternative movement, forcing the fluid that occupies the cylinder to modify its pressure and volume or transforming the change in pressure and volume of the fluid into motion. A piston ring is an opening ring that fits into the grooves of the outer diameter of the piston. Most pistons have three rings: two for compression sealing and one for oil sealing. Its primary function is to form a seal between the piston and the cylinder walls, thus preventing large amounts of combustion pressure from slipping into the piston. Additionally, they stabilize the piston in their daily movement, help cool the piston by transferring heat to the engine block and scrape oil from the cylinder walls. The rings can be round, square, flat, inclined, sharp, but more importantly, they must be tailored to the piston. The design and material of the piston ring will vary for different engines and power levels. When creating a piston ring, oil control, RPM, power and compression should be considered. Studies in the ring-piston assembly have shown that the excessive temperature prevailing in the combustion chamber causes a large proportion of the energy available in the fuel to be lost through the contours of the cylinder. This is why, in order to model the transmission of thermal energy produced from the ring to the jacket by contact resistance, it is necessary to determine the contact pressure between the surfaces under study.

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The authors

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