RESEARCH ON PRAGMATIC

CHARACTERISTICS AND COMMUNICATION

STRATEGIES OF CHINESE LANGUAGE

PHILOLOGY

Kehong Tan*

• Faculty Education Development Center, Jiaying College, Meizhou, Guangdong,

514015, China

•tkh16888@sina.com

Reception: 13 April 2024 | Acceptance: 5 May 2024 | Publication: 15 June 2024

Suggested citation:

Tan, K. (2024). Research on Pragmatic Characteristics and Communication

Strategies of Chinese Language Philology. 3C Empresa. Investigación y

pensamiento crítico, 13(1), 176-194.

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ABSTRACT

In this paper, we first analyze the discourse features in social and cultural contexts,

and from the perspective of discourse output, we establish a model of maximizing the

expectation of context and discourse choice by estimating the parameters of context,

and explore the problem of contextual formalization as well as the influence of the

time factor on the discourse features. Then the Hidden Markov Chain was adopted to

consider the time factor and establish the corpus derivation relationship. The

communication subject, communication content, technique and communication object

are taken as the main factors, and the Chinese language communication strategy is

constructed by combining the theory of pragmatics. In the final analysis, it is found

that the cumulative number of learners is the largest in the US region, and the model

only needs about 25 rounds of iterative training at the optimal running time. In the

factor analysis, webpage has the highest factor loading value of 0.846 in Factor 4,

indicating that it plays an important role in Chinese language text dissemination. The

proposed model develops a more targeted and effective communication strategy,

which can improve the communication effect of Chinese language and promote

cultural exchange and understanding.

KEYWORDS

Context parameters; Markov chain; pragmatics theory; iterative training; factor

loadings

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INDEX

ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................2

KEYWORDS ...................................................................................................................2

1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................4

2. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................4

3. PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF CHINESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE ............6

3.1. Pragmatic features in social contexts .................................................................6

3.2. Pragmatic features in cultural contexts ..............................................................6

4. CONSTRUCTING CHINESE LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION CALCULATIONS

BASED ON PRAGMATICS THEORY .......................................................................7

4.1. Context and Discourse Choice Expectation Maximization Modeling .................7

4.2. Discussion of Contextual Formalization Issues and Time Factors .....................8

4.3. Computational pragmatics modeling analysis of the corpus ..............................9

5. CHINESE LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION MODELING ......................................10

6. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PRAGMATIC FEATURES AND COMMUNICATION

STRATEGIES OF TEXTUAL STUDIES .................................................................12

6.1. Background conditions .....................................................................................12

6.2. Effectiveness of dissemination .........................................................................13

6.3. Propagation algorithm performance analysis ...................................................14

7. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................17

REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................18

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1. INTRODUCTION

The Chinese language and script is one of the ancient languages and scripts, and it

is constantly revitalized following the past [1]. With the continuous promotion of the

Belt and Road Initiative, China's discourse in the international community has been

enhanced, and international trade and exchanges are increasing. In this context, the

dissemination of Chinese language and script is particularly important [2]. Through the

use of Internet platforms and new media and other channels, the dissemination of

Chinese language and literature is expanded, so that more groups can understand

Chinese culture and the connotation of Chinese language and writing, etc., and

enhance the national cultural soft power [3]. With the continuous development and

improvement of information technology, people's lifestyles and language habits are

gradually changing, and the dissemination of Chinese language and literature is in a

fragmented and fast-food environment [4]. The dissemination of Chinese language

text with the help of network information carries a certain degree of fragmentation, and

it is difficult to achieve a lasting effect in a relatively short period of time [5]. At the

same time, as the dissemination of text is mostly replaced by the Internet, computer

and cell phone input methods have brought writing convenience to people, and

people's awareness of the writing standard of Chinese characters is relatively weak,

and they often have the dilemma of forgetting the characters when they put pen to

paper, or make frequent mistakes when writing [6].

Since existing studies have not proposed specific strategies for Chinese language

text communication, this paper starts from the dimensions of social context and

cultural context to reveal the pragmatic laws of Chinese language in social and

cultural contexts. A theoretical framework for the computation of Chinese language

communication is constructed, which includes the establishment of a model for

maximizing the expectation of context and discourse choice, an in-depth discussion of

the contextual formalization problem and the time factor, and an analysis of the

computational pragmatics model of the corpus. In the establishment of the context

and discourse choice expectation maximization model, the mathematical model of

expectation maximization choice is derived by combining a large amount of corpus

analysis. Meanwhile, when considering the issue of contextual formalization and the

time factor, the formalization method and the time series analysis are adopted to

comprehensively grasp the changes of discourse features in different contexts and

time, providing a systematic research framework for the development of more specific

and effective communication strategies.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Boal-San Miguel, I et al. examined the siting patterns of the Spanish CCI sector

through a spatio-temporal perspective using micro-geographic data in the context of

the increasing spatial distribution of the cultural and creative industries, emphasizing

the impact of policy in terms of resource accountability and institutional coordination

[7]. Harsch, S et al. suggested that due to language barriers, differences in cultural

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preferences, and differences in health literacy levels that providing healthcare to

migrants and refugees faces difficulties. In order to improve this situation, the role of

health literacy in second language programs was explored in depth in the CURA

project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, which

proposed interventions to facilitate its implementation [8]. Kessler, M et al. conducted

a pre-writing discussion through verbal and text chats followed by a timed writing task

with 10 university Chinese language learners. Students engaged in discussions for

longer durations and rounds during the face-to-face program, and the FTF program

led to an increase in lexical complexity and syntactic richness [9]. Wei, L et al.

analyzed how multilingual Chinese language users incorporate new digital

communication platforms through a long-term, ongoing digital ethnographic study of

online communication and creative Chinese characters in the global Chinese

diaspora. Utilizing the functionality of Chinese character writing systems to challenge

dominant linguistic ideologies and policies and to express new transnational

consciousnesses can facilitate cultural mobility and social participation on a global

scale [10]. Wang, D identifies discrepancies between prescribed monolingual

principles and perceived linguistic realities of translation from a socio-cultural

perspective in the context of the gradual decline of language learning. It is

recommended that foreign language programs in higher education revisit their

monolingual ideology and consider adopting a translanguaging pedagogy to better

attract and retain students [11].

Guo, Q et al. identified research trajectories targeting language learners and their

language development across a variety of topics such as reading, pronunciation, task

motivation and engagement, story retelling, group cohesion, and classroom

management, affirming the scholarship of communication language teachers [12].

Pinto, R. D et al. explored whether the use of gaming strategies in virtual reality

facilitates the acquisition of a second, i.e. foreign, language. The study found that

learning was the most assessed dependent variable in the selected recordings, and

augmented reality was the most used technology, suggesting that these technologies

should be used to support second language learning rather than replacing traditional

methods altogether [13]. Machwate, S et al. emphasized the benefits of student

mobility in terms of enhancing communication skills, with a particular focus on foreign

language learning and behavioral attitude development. The benefits of integrating

virtual experiences from a mobility perspective are explored by using some elements

of 21st century knowledge as a tool for developing intercultural, linguistic and digital

competence [14]. Canals, L suggests the role of multimodality and translanguaging as

underpinnings of spoken interactions, with the identification and transcription of

language-related events, and quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data,

including all translanguaging and the the use of multiple modes of meaning

generation, revealing the interaction between multimodality and learners' multilingual

replicas [15]. Kubota, R et al. explored the main goal of foreign language education,

which is to develop learners' ability to communicate in a foreign language. The

meaning of communicative competence becomes complex in the current neoliberal

context of the importance of communication in the knowledge economy. The analysis

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reveals the paradoxical nature of neoliberal communicative competence, which both

conflates global communication with the use of four measurable English language

skills to convey information and challenges linguistic norms by emphasizing

multilingualism and co-constructed interactional competence [16].

3. PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF CHINESE LANGUAGE

AND LITERATURE

3.1. PRAGMATIC FEATURES IN SOCIAL CONTEXTS

Language activities are inseparable from the context, any kind of language

activities are carried out in a specific context, and thus this language activity will be

engraved with the color of a specific language, and influenced and constrained by this

context [17]. The concept of context is very broad and covers a wide range. Context in

a narrow sense refers to the context of language, and context in a broad sense refers

to the communicative situation, objective conditions and background of language.

Speech activities are always in a certain space and time, unfolding in a specific

situation and between specific people [18]. The features of pragmatics in social

context are shown in Fig. 1, context and language activity are inseparable, and

context is the basis and prerequisite for understanding language activity. Social

context involves the psychology, cognition and specific social and cultural

environments of the communicating parties, and is also affected by factors such as

age, social distance, social status and value orientation of the parties [19]. The

Chinese language is also situated in its own social context, and is subject to the

constraints and limitations of cultural, historical, religious, and socio-psychological

factors in the social context.

Figure 1. Characterization of discourse in social contexts

3.2. PRAGMATIC FEATURES IN CULTURAL CONTEXTS

Chinese is a high-context language that is highly dependent on the environment,

and the cultural context is summarized as the environment in which the discourse is

produced, which can also be said to be the verbal and non-verbal contexts [20].

Figure 2 shows the features of discourse in cultural context, the former refers to the

front and back of the written language or the front and back of the oral

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communication, while the latter refers to the specific environment when the language

is expressed, such as the time, place, weather, body movements or the social

environment such as the cultural background involved in the written expression [21]. It

can be seen that the extension of the concept of context is relatively broad, then, from

the point of view of literalism, the cultural context is more by virtue of the literary text in

the textbook, that is, the written language. Therefore, it only includes contextual

context and socio-cultural context, which are summarized as intra-linguistic context

and extra-linguistic context. Intra-linguistic context refers to the linguistic environment

that can be directly understood through the language in the text, and extra-linguistic

context is the cultural environment of the times that influences the author's thoughts at

the time of creation outside the language [22].

Figure 2. Characteristics of discourse in cultural contexts

4. CONSTRUCTING CHINESE LANGUAGE

COMMUNICATION CALCULATIONS BASED ON

PRAGMATICS THEORY

4.1. CONTEXT AND DISCOURSE CHOICE EXPECTATION

MAXIMIZATION MODELING

From the perspective of discourse output, it is believed that using language is

choosing language, and the task of discourse depiction and discourse interpretation

lies mainly in the study of contextual conformity, structural conformity, dynamic

conformity, and the degree of awareness of conformity [23]. The entry point chosen for

modeling is dynamic conformity, i.e., discourse is accomplished in the dynamic

process of specific contexts. Since contextual changes affect the linguistic forms

chosen by the communicating parties, and the linguistic choices of the parties

generate new contexts, context and discourse influence and interact with each other

in a dynamic process.

Let the context obey , and the model parameters are vectors, including

each statistic constructed according to the influencing factors of the context. It builds

an expectation-maximizing context estimation model for the dynamic compliance

process based on linguistic compliance theory and expectation-maximization

N(μx,σ2

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algorithm: the input of the whole model includes four parts: the selected discourse D,

the context C, the joint distribution of discourse and context under the given parameter

conditions

, and the conditional distribution of context under the given

parameter and discourse conditions

, and the output is the model

parameters . The model first chooses an initial value of for the parameter and

starts iterating, producing an estimate for at each iteration, denoted , where i is the

number of rounds of iteration. At the th iteration, the expectation is computed:

(1)

Then the parameter , which makes Eq. (1) maximized, determines the estimate of

the parameter for the nd iteration :

(2)

The process of Eq. (1) and Eq. (2) is repeated continuously until convergence, so

that the context parameters can be approximated and thus the discourse can be

judged to belong to which context distribution [24].

4.2. DISCUSSION OF CONTEXTUAL FORMALIZATION ISSUES

AND TIME FACTORS

In order to reflect the dynamics of the model, it is also necessary to take the time

factor into account, adding the stochastic process model that fits the nature of

compliance is an effective method.

The complexity of the context and the formalization of ideas, the current

difficulties in the application of the model lies in the formal description of the

discourse and the context, here you can refer to the relevant theories in formal

pragmatics. In addition, two ideas about the description of context and

discourse can be referred to here. First, consider the factors affecting the

context as variables, and because of too many influencing factors you can set

the number of variables to be infinite, and build the model through limit theory

or infinite series. The second is not to consider each factor affecting the

context, but to abstract the common characteristics of each factor and build the

model in the way of structure and variety, similar to the construction of group,

ring and domain in abstract algebra.

2. If we consider the time factor in the interaction process between the two parties

using the discourse, the model can be constructed by using the Hidden Markov

Chain. In this case, the state sequence of the potential Markov chain is the

context state , which is unobservable, while the observation value is

the discourse obtained after selection, and its transfer probability at

the n rd state is:

P(D,C∣θ)

θ0

θi

i+ 1

Q(θ,θ

)=E

[logP(D,C∣θ)∣D′ ,θ

]=∑

logP(D,C∣θ)P(C∣D,θ

)

i+ 1

θi+1

i+1

=argmax

Q(θ,θ

)

C1,C2, …

D1,D2, …

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(3)

The choice of discourse at a given moment is only relevant to the current context,

and the effects of the previous moment's state on the present can all be regarded as

part of the context in the current state, so that the memorylessness of the Hidden

Markov Chain can be satisfied.

4.3. COMPUTATIONAL PRAGMATICS MODELING ANALYSIS OF

THE CORPUS

The initial context of the whole corpus is , in which, in order to fully indicate

the learner's identity, the customer chooses the questioning mode with markers in the

alternatives to convey the implicit meaning. To make context ,

Chinese communication needs to consider the current context that can maximize the

indication of one's own identity and generate the corresponding discourse, generating

discourse , and the corpus derivation is shown in Fig. 3. In receiving , a cognitive

model is formed to analyze the concepts and their more fixed connections with each

other, which is then integrated into an abstract, unified and idealized perfect structure.

Intrinsic cognition of the discourse is formed through the intermediate process of

organizing concepts to understanding the expressed meaning. At the same time,

according to the external context and other social and cultural influences.

The antecedent nodes of nodes such as

are omitted here, and the

antecedent can be understood as the possible values set by each node, whose

conditional probability table reflects the size of the probability of taking each value. In

this example is fixed, thus omitting its antecedent nodes.

Figure 3. Relationships inferred from the corpus

P{Dn=d∣C1,D1,⋯,Cn−1,Dn−1,Cn=C}=p(d∣c)

C1,C2,C3

C=[C1,C2,C3]T

C1,C2,C3

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In the propagation process of Chinese characters, node is obtained and merged

into the new propagation strategy, at which time some parameters in the model vector

need to be adjusted, viz:

(4)

The process of Eq. (4) is illustrated in Fig. 4, where the updated propagation

parameters dynamically add the literal and implied meanings of

to the

corresponding positions, or adjust the original strategy parameters. When the

propagation strategy is updated, the implicit meaning that the Chinese language text

wants to indicate has been clarified.

5. CHINESE LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION

MODELING

Chinese language and text audiences are complex and varied, and are affected by

a variety of factors, which are the result of a combination of factors. Audiences in

different fields are affected by different factors. Communication subject,

communication content and skills and communication object are the main factors

affecting the communication effect, but the quantification of these factors is affected

by many other complex and small factors, which work together to affect the

communication effect. Chinese language communication influencing factors are

shown in Figure 4, specifically including:

1. Activity is one of the influencing factors of Chinese language communication,

indicating the importance of the communication object to this event. Therefore,

in the first-level factor communication effectiveness, the audience's attention to

the Chinese language text active degree becomes one of its second-level

factors, including attention, participation and attention time of the three third-

level factors.

Site contribution is the degree of influence of the Chinese language

communication platform on the effectiveness of communication, Chinese

language and literature through the network platform to disseminate

information, in the first level of communication effectiveness, the

communication platform that the site contribution to become one of the second

level of influence of the Chinese language communication, including

microblogging platforms, community platforms, web page news platforms,

WeChat platforms and search engine platforms of the five third-level elements.

Communication mode, i.e., the communication skill or strategy of Chinese

language and script, is divided into two kinds, namely, borrowing momentum

and creating momentum. The momentum for the combination of the current hot

topics to plan the language text, to attract the attention of the audience. The

momentum building is to attract the audience's attention through creative ideas

i+1

=argmax

[logP(S1|C|θ)∣S1′ ,θ

]

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or influential opinions in Chinese language text. Momentum is the spontaneous

dissemination of screen names, and momentum building is the promotion of

human beings. Therefore, in the first level of communication effectiveness, the

communication strategy adopted by Chinese language text in communication

also becomes one of the second level factors, including two third level factors

of borrowing momentum and creating momentum.

The communication trend factor can also be regarded as a risk control factor.

There are many uncontrollable factors in the communication process, so we

should be well prepared to control the communication trend of the Chinese

language, and once negative voices appear, they should be dissolved in time,

so as not to aggravate the situation. Therefore, in the first-level elements of

communication effectiveness, communication trends on the Chinese language

and script to become one of the second-level factors, including the control of

word-of-mouth towards and control of word-of-mouth continuation of the two

third-level elements [25].

The cost of communication is one of the most important factors considered at

the beginning of the enterprise planning activities, so the cost is an important

factor affecting the effectiveness of investment.

Nowadays, communication media are blossoming, and traditional media

include newspapers, magazines, radio and television. New media include

online new media, mobile new media, digital new media. If Chinese language

and script want to expand their influence, penetration into other media is an

effective communication method. In addition, free media coverage saves a lot

of investment costs for dissemination. Therefore, whether or not Chinese

language text causes media penetration is also an influencing factor of

communication effectiveness.

7. Whether or not the Chinese language text is effective in communication is best

evidenced by the sales of neighboring products or the rate of language usage.

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Figure 4. Factors affecting the effectiveness of Chinese language communication

6. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PRAGMATIC FEATURES

AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES OF TEXTUAL

STUDIES

6.1. BACKGROUND CONDITIONS

This section is based on the pragmatic features of Chinese language literature and

the designed communication model based on pragmatics theory for validation,

including three aspects:

The main consideration of this empirical evidence is that real-life Chinese

language text usually fails to resonate at first when it is disseminated, and it

needs to reach a certain level of dissemination before it may be noticed and

learned. Therefore, the later the time in the communication strategy, the easier

it is to realize. And the activity level is usually the earlier the intervention, the

better, will explore the reasonable time to put the strategy.

2. The estimation of the number of dissemination nodes is mainly to explore what

percentage of the minimum placement can get relatively good results. In reality,

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if we want to carry out Chinese language and text communication strategy

placement, the larger the audience will inevitably invest more, so the number of

communication nodes is a very important aspect of communication strategy.

3. On the basis of determining the time of strategy placement and the proportion

of the number of communication nodes, the effects of different strategies are

examined through batch validation to illustrate the advantages of

communication based on the theory of pragmatics.

6.2. EFFECTIVENESS OF DISSEMINATION

Under the same communication strategy, Figure 5 shows the number of new

Chinese learners and the cumulative number of learners in different regions. Figure

5(a) shows the new Chinese learning tasks in different regions, and the number of

new learners peaks between 900-1500 hours, with the largest peak of new learners in

the Iranian region and the smallest in the Korean region. Figure 5(b) shows the

cumulative number of learners in different regions, and the number of learners peaked

between 3300-4400 hours, with the earliest peak time reached in the Italian region

and the latest peak time in the Korean region. The largest cumulative number of

learners is in the U.S. region, and the smallest is in the Korean region. The earliest

maximum number of learners is in the Italian region and the latest is in the US region.

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Figure 5. New and Cumulative Number of Chinese Language Learners in Different Regions

6.3. PROPAGATION ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

In order to prove that the Chinese language communication strategies constructed

based on pragmatics theory have better performance, this paper conducts four groups

of comparison experiments. The first two groups adopt the pragmatics theory and no

theory approach respectively, randomly initialize the model parameters and train the

strategy network from the initial state. The latter two groups adopt pragmatics theory

and theory-free approach respectively, but first iteratively train 40 rounds of pre-

training on a small-scale two-layer network, and then migrate the model to a large-

scale four-layer network for training, corresponding to the Pre-Pragmatics theory and

theory-free approach in the figure, respectively, and the results of the comparison of

pre-training convergence rate are shown in Fig. 6. It is found that the pragmatics

theory can better support pre-training, and the pre-training effect and model migration

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ability are better than the no-theory method, and the migrated -pragmatics theory has

a better training starting point, and convergence to the optimal running time only

requires about 25 rounds of iterative training, but the no-theory method still requires

about 35 rounds of selective generation training. Meanwhile, in terms of convergence

rate, the pragmatics theory is also slightly higher than the no-theory approach.

Figure 6. Convergence rate of pre-training with and without the theory of pragmatics

In order to prove the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method, this

paper compares the designed discourse-based model, the multimedia model and the

web-based communication model respectively. Table 1 shows the results of

comparing the average performance of propagation. For the average value of

coverage obtained from 10 operations of the three propagation models, the

multimedia model is 85.4%, which is 1.2% lower than the average value of the

network propagation model, and 14.06% lower than the average coverage value of

the discourse-based theory, which can be seen that the multimedia model has the

highest coverage rate. For the running time, the multimedia and network propagation

models have a certain arithmetic complexity, so their average arithmetic time is longer

than that of the pragmatics theory by 75 s and 22.34 s. For the number of iterations,

the average number of iterations of the pragmatics theory is the lowest, which is only

13.6, and the speed of convergence is significantly improved compared with the other

two models. In conclusion, the communication model based on pragmatics theory

constructed in this paper can improve the performance of Chinese language text

communication.

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Table 1. Comparison of average propagation performance

In this paper, the data on the factors influencing the effectiveness of online event

marketing communication converged after 10 iterations, and the factor loading matrix

is shown in Table 2. Categorized into four different common factors, the factor loading

data ranged from 0.4 to 0.9, indicating that the factor has a certain degree of construct

validity. Factor 1 includes a total of five elements from the hypothesized model: the

cost savings factor in investment effectiveness, the traditional media coverage factor,

the acceptance of the product factor, the control of word-of-mouth going factor in

communication effectiveness, and the control of word-of-mouth continuation. The

highest factor loading value of 0.766 indicates that controlling the direction of IWOM is

strongly related to IWOM management or control strategies. Factor 2 consists of the

four sub-items in the hypothesized model of self-search, community, time of attention,

and momentum building together to form the factor. Community has the highest factor

loading value in Factor 2 at 0.762. Meaning that community has a high weight in

Factor 2 and is strongly correlated with some kind of community-related factor. Factor

3 includes three sub-items of microblogging, positivity, and lending as constituent

factors, and Factor 4 consists of three sub-items of webpage, microblogging, and

attention in the hypothetical model. Webpage has the highest factor loading value in

Factor 4, which is 0.846. It indicates that webpage has a higher weight in Factor 4,

which suggests that webpage plays an important role in Chinese language and text

communication.

Number of

promotions

Multimedia model Network communication Pragmatics theory

Site

covera

Running

time/s

Number

iterations

Site

covera

Running

time/s

Number

iterations

Site

coverage

Running

time/s

Number

iterations

285.6% 126.1 62 87.2% 80.2 76 99.4% 32.2 11

484.2% 98.6 63 88.6% 81.5 62 99.7% 24.0 21

686.1% 101.2 55 86.1% 76.2 57 99.4% 26.4 16

886.4% 96.6 54 86.4% 66.5 54 99.3% 30.9 12

10 84.7% 94.2 55 84.7% 100.6 58 99.5% 28.2 8

Average

value 85.4% 103.34 57.8 86.6% 81.0 61.4 99.46% 28.34 13.6

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Table 2. Factor loading matrix

7. CONCLUSION

In this paper, based on the pragmatic features in social and cultural contexts, we

constructed a model of Chinese language text dissemination based on pragmatics

theory and obtained the following conclusions:

The number of new learners after applying the constructed model peaks

between 900-1500 hours of learning, with the highest peak in the Iranian

region and the lowest in the Korean region. The cumulative number of learners

peaked between 3300-4400 hours, with the earliest peak in the Italian region

and the latest in the Korean region. It helps to gain a deeper understanding of

the impact of geographical differences on learning behavior and provides an

empirical basis for the allocation of educational resources in the relevant

regions.

The migrated pragmatics theory has a better training starting point and only

requires about 25 rounds of iterative training at the optimal running time, which

is more efficient compared to about 35 rounds of iterative training for the no-

Ingredient

1 2 3 4

Controlling the direction of

word-of-mouth 766 110 166 192

Peripheral Products 667 276 391 84

Cost saving 681 -44 144 832

Traditional strategy 664 66 198 366

Search on your own 22 485 154 318

Communal 189 762 196 78

Focus time 445 689 131 63

Create momentum 166 498 777 214

Microblog 413 445 521 31

Degree of participation 91 101 462 0

Borrow sb's authority 322 468 542 26

Web page 321 298 42 846

WeChat 192 140 53 628

Attention 189 169 539 698

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theory approach. It is expected to promote the improvement of language

learning and reduce the cost of learning time.

The pragmatics theory performs optimally in terms of coverage, and the

average number of iterations of the pragmatics theory is the lowest, which is

only 13.6, indicating that the pragmatics theory is able to more

comprehensively consider the situations and contexts of language use, and

improves the sensitivity to the features of language use.

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