ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION AND

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN LARGE

AND MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES IN THE

CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY-CITY INTEGRATION

Dongyang Dai

Department of Finance and Economics, Wuhan College, Wuhan, Hubei, 430212,

China.

Lin Jin*

School of Economics, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430212, China.

wy1770087726@163.com

Reception: 11/03/2023 Acceptance: 15/05/2023 Publication: 07/07/2023

Suggested citation:

Dai, D. and Jin, L. (2023). Ecological construction and environmental

management in large and medium-sized cities in the context of industry-

city integration. 3C Empresa. Investigación y pensamiento crítico, 12(2),

344-360. https://doi.org/10.17993/3cemp.2023.120252.344-360

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344

ABSTRACT

To maintain the ecological environment and protect the sustainable development of

natural resources, this paper proposes a study on ecological construction and

environmental management in large and medium-sized cities in the context of city-

industry integration. The spatial layout, environmental capacity, and environmental

quality are clearly deficient in the situation related to the integration of industrial and

urban areas. Analyze the problems of ecological construction and environmental

management in governance, construct an index system for the coordinated

development of ecological and environmental systems, and measure the coupled and

synergistic dispatch of cities and ecological environments. Eliminate dimensions,

variable changes and values so that benefit and cost metrics are consistent. The

information entropy of each index is calculated by using the original information of the

objective environment, and the weights are determined after standardizing them to

obtain a comprehensive index of the development level of urbanization and the

ecological environment system. The coupling coordination model is used to measure

two or more system linkage indicators, reflecting the degree of coordination of the

interactive coupling of economic growth and the ecological environment. The analysis

of the results shows that the ecological development of urbanization is steadily

increasing, and the level of ecological development has grown to 0.7291 and the level

of urbanization development has increased to 0.8950 over time, with a good degree of

coordination of coupling.

KEYWORDS

Industry-city integration; Ecological construction; Environmental management;

Coupling model; Correlation index

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INDEX

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. IDEAS OF ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE AREA OF CITY-INDUSTRY

INTEGRATION

3. ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

3.1. The importance of environmental management in the context of ecological

construction

3.2. Problems encountered in environmental management in the context of

ecological construction

4. THE COUPLING MECHANISM OF URBANIZATION AND ECOLOGICAL

ENVIRONMENT

4.1. Setting weights

4.2. Calculation of the weight of the metric

4.3. Coupling coordination degree development model

4.3.1. Coupling degree analysis of urbanization system and ecological

environment system

4.3.2. Analysis of the coupling and coordination degree model of

urbanization system and ecological environment system

5. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

6. DISCUSSION

7. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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1. INTRODUCTION

With the gradual advancement of China's ecological civilization construction,

environmental management issues are becoming increasingly prominent.

Strengthening environmental management and ensuring ecological civilization have

become important strategic slogans for the economic and social development of many

integrated industrial cities [1]. The key is to solve the outstanding problems of the

ecological environment, improve the quality of the environment, improve the utilization

rate of resources [2], and promote the harmonious development of humans and

resources. In recent years, environmental management has made great progress and

the Central Environmental Protection Inspectorate has achieved good results in

various places [3], but there are still many problems to be solved. Only by

continuously improving the level, we can make a city of ecological civilization better

and better.

"The 14th Five-Year Plan period will be a period when the main and secondary

contradictions in ecological environmental protection in China will be transformed, and

it will be a period when the stage differences [4-5]. While further promoting

development, it will become the main line of ecological civilization construction in this

period to achieve ecological and environmental protection [6]. For regions with a high

degree of industry-city integration, the construction of ecological civilization faces

great challenges due to the high intensity of land development, high population

density, large unit footprint, and high emissions [7-9].

Compared with the separation of industry and city, the integration of industry and

city is a development concept proposed in the context of China's transformation and

upgrading [10-11]. "Promoting cities with industries, promoting industries with cities,

and integrating industries and cities" is a new idea and a new tool to solve the

problem of urban functional zoning in the context of new urbanization [12-13].

National-level new districts are regional economic growth poles and new engines [14].

At the same time, it is also a specific practical exploration under the integration of

industry and city. The industrial-city integration and the construction of new zones

integrate industry and urbanization rationally. People-oriented and comprehensive

development is an inevitable choice to adapt to the development of the times [15-16].

The management and policies of the new district should support the development

strategy from the perspective of environmental construction to achieve the guidance

of the blueprint and meet the needs of the healthy development of the new district with

the integration of industry and city, which is an important way to implement green

development [17-18].

Based on this, ecological construction and environmental management are the key

objectives of concern for urban development. The literature [19] has conducted small-

scale agriculture through opportunistic farming [20-23], and integration of natural

landscape elements in the field [24-25]. The literature [26] discusses various modeling

approaches to predict ecosystems and responses to human interventions [27],

including mechanical models and so on. The literature [28] quantified the condition of

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grasslands from 2001 to 2014. The effect of SISGC on grassland conditions was

estimated [29]. SISGC significantly improves grassland conditions; however, the

effectiveness of SISGC is somewhat offset by other socioeconomic and climatic

factors [30]. The above literature examines the relevant ecosystems or environmental

management, but only one aspect is analyzed, which is not sufficiently

comprehensive.

Therefore, based on the relevant data on urbanization and the ecological

environment in a medium-sized city from 2011 to 2020, this paper analyzes the

correlation mechanism between urbanization and the ecological environment of the

city. And with the help of the coupling and coordinated development model, the

coupling and coordinated scheduling of the above two indicators in the city in the past

10 years are measured, which provides a decision-making reference for ecological

construction and environmental management.

2. IDEAS OF ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE

AREA OF CITY-INDUSTRY INTEGRATION

"China's overall economic scale will continue to expand. Industrialization,

urbanization and agricultural modernization will continue to advance, and the

contradiction between scale expansion and ecological environmental protection will be

further highlighted [31]. As ecological environmental protection and pollution

prevention enter the "deep water" area, it will be increasingly difficult and promote

emission reduction in key industries. The main problems faced by the general city-

industry areas are:

The spatial layout is unreasonable. The intensity of land development is close to

70%, and the early industrial development planning did not fully consider ecological

and environmental protection factors. This has led to the interweaving of industrial

parks and residential areas, resulting in conflicts between enterprises and groups and

hidden environmental safety hazards. In addition, the proportion of industrial land is

high, and the image of monotonous industrial parks is prominent. Under some

regulations, the problem of sloppy utilization of industrial enterprises and use not in

line with planning is more prominent.

The environmental capacity is seriously insufficient. The scale of industry is large,

and the emission intensity of COD, ammonia nitrogen and volatile organic compounds

per unit land area is high per unit land area. Overall, the problems of serious stock

pollution, ecological cost overdraft, and environmental carrying capacity near the

upper limit are more prominent. High-tech industries are the main emission sources of

COD and ammonia nitrogen industries in the region [32]. "After the 13th Five-Year

Plan period, the lack of alternative sources of total pollutant emission reduction has

become an important bottleneck limiting industrial development.

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Environmental quality is unstable. 2019 concentrations of NO2

, PM2.5, ozone and

PM10 have not yet reached secondary standards. The region will face combined

PM2.5 and ozone pollution, and it will be more difficult and costly to continuously

improve air quality. The rivers in the area are all used for passenger water and rely

heavily on gates to control the flow of the river network. It also faces problems of poor

water quality for visitors and weak self-purification of water bodies.

Key areas are in urgent need of breakthroughs. Hazardous waste disposal suffers

from insufficient treatment capacity, category mismatch, low disposal and resource

levels, etc. The amount of hazardous waste generated by the projects under

construction has exceeded the existing disposal capacity, and there are about 6

enterprises with an annual hazardous waste volume of less than 10 tons, making it

difficult to find a suitable disposal method for commissioning. The closure and

relocation of key industries such as electroplating, and the redevelopment and

utilization of the land left behind by enterprises and the industrial land "retreating from

two to three" still need to strictly prevent environmental risks [33].

The task of supervision is complex and arduous. Environmental protection

personnel in the area account for only 7% of the city's environmental protection

personnel, but the per capita supervision target is about twice as large as the city's. In

the new situation, environmental protection policies are getting stricter and stricter,

and the requirements for personnel to supervise environmental protection are getting

more and more difficult. It is difficult to cover every corner of the entire region with the

existing supervision model alone.

3. ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION AND

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

3.1. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ECOLOGICAL

CONSTRUCTION

The construction of ecological civilization is based on green development of

economic and social development, taking a sustainable development path that

respects nature, protects the environment and conserves resources. Environmental

management refers to the use of administrative, legal, scientific and technological,

educational and propaganda means to achieve the purpose of environmental

protection and to realize the goal of environmental protection through planning,

organizing, coordinating, controlling and supervising. Although China is vast and rich

in natural resources, it is still a developing country with a large population, and there

are many problems in the utilization of resources and environmental protection.

Through the construction of ecological civilization, strengthening environmental

management, scientific management of the environment and scientific use of

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resources, accelerating the construction of a new type of urbanization, promoting the

construction of the Belt and Road.

3.2. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ECOLOGICAL

CONSTRUCTION

The current urbanization process is accelerating and the urban population is

increasing significantly. The contradiction between people's pursuit of material life and

a quality living environment and the current waste of urban resources and poor living

environment is intensifying. The low level of urban waste disposal, serious air

pollution, water pollution and noise pollution exist simultaneously, which have a great

impact on people's life. From the perspective of environmental management, the main

problems are as follows.

1. Lack of perfect management system and management institutions

Although China has promulgated the "Ten Articles on Atmosphere" and "Ten

Articles on Water". However, a more scientific, comprehensive and specific system is

needed for environmental management to solve the increasingly complex

environmental protection problems. In addition, our regulatory agencies are not

perfect. In the face of cross-regional pollution such as river pollution and air pollution,

we also lack cross-regional environmental protection agencies, the overall nature of

environmental protection is not enough, and the division of authority and responsibility

is not clear.

2. Public participation is too low

"The city belongs to you and me, protecting the environment depends on

everyone". Although such a slogan is well known, neither the managers nor the public

have done a good job. China has imperfect laws and lacks detailed regulations [34],

managers are prone to slackness in their work and lack effective publicity and

education for public participation. In terms of environmental protection, the quality of

Chinese citizens is still relatively low. Many people still have the habit of littering and

spitting, not to mention getting them to actively participate in environmental public

welfare activities.

3. High cost of environmental management

In recent years, although the state has introduced fiscal and tax policies to support

environmental protection and increased the financial budget for environmental

protection, the funds are still far from enough compared to the current environmental

protection efforts. Although some cities intend to make achievements in environmental

protection, the high cost of environmental management and the lack of funds for

environmental protection have led to difficulties in environmental management.

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4. THE COUPLING MECHANISM OF URBANIZATION

AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.1. SETTING WEIGHTS

The coupling mechanism of urbanization and the ecological environment was

analyzed in a medium-sized city as an example [35]. And the coupling and synergistic

dispatch in this city were measured with the help of the coupled coordinated

development model.

The basic principles of model-based index selection and formulation include

scientificity, comprehensiveness and operability, and the research results are verified

by evaluating the interaction between urbanization and ecological environment.

According to the coupling and coordination mechanism, we combine theoretical

analysis and use methods such as frequency statistics of indicators. The index

systems are selected, and the evaluation indexes of the urbanization-ecological

environment system are finally constructed.

Since this coefficient does not explain the raw data related to the selected indicator

system, it is necessary to standardize the indicator system before quantitative

analysis. To eliminate the effects of dimensionality, variables own changes and values,

so that the benefit and cost indicators are consistent. First, let map through

standardized to the value in the interval . The formula for this is:

(1)

In Equation (1), it is the original value of the th index of the city,

i.e., the value after data normalization. It represents the th index of

the urbanization and ecosystem index system in year . .

Zero values may appear after data normalization. Therefore, 1 is

added to the whole standardized data to make it still meaningful.

4.2. CALCULATION OF THE WEIGHT OF THE METRIC

The concept of entropy originates from thermodynamics and is a measure of the

uncertainty of the system state [36]. Information is a measure of the order of an

information-theoretic system. They have the property of being equal in absolute value

but opposite in sign. Therefore, we can use the raw information of the objective

environment. In this paper, we calculate the information entropy of each index by the

entropy method, further, analyze the correlation between the indexes and determine

the index weights. The entropy calculation formula with as the th index is as

follows.

min −max

[0,1]

−x

min(x

max −x

min)

Positive indicator normalization

itmax −

it/(

itmax −

itmin)

Inverse indicator normalization

i= 1,2,3,4,…

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(2)

In Equation (2), is a constant, , that is, the maximum

value of is 1. Therefore, can be defined as the degree of consistency of the

contribution of each index system under the attribute . , is set as the

weight value, then the weight of each index system is calculated as follows.

(3)

The above raw index data were standardized [37] to determine the index weights.

On this basis, the integrated index was calculated using the layer-by-layer weighted

summation method. The calculation formula was as follows.

(4)

In Equation (4), and denote the integrated index development level

respectively.

4.3. COUPLING COORDINATION DEGREE DEVELOPMENT

MODEL

4.3.1. COUPLING DEGREE ANALYSIS OF

URBANIZATION SYSTEM AND ECOLOGICAL

ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM

If it is set to year, then we get and respectively, then the following functions

are used for the coupling degree analysis:

(5)

In the above Equation, the coupling degree value , is set to 0.5, and the

coupling degree value is proportional to the coupling degree.

4.3.2. ANALYSIS OF THE COUPLING AND

COORDINATION DEGREE MODEL OF

URBANIZATION SYSTEM AND ECOLOGICAL

ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM

j=K

∑

(Yij /

∑

yij)⋅ln (m

∑

Yij)

K= 1/1n(m)

Ej∈(0,1)

dj= 1 −Ej

j= (1 −Ej)/

∑

j=1

(1 −Ej

)

1,2 =

∑

i=1

it ⋅W

C= 2 [U1U2]θ/U1+U2

C[0,1]

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Because the development levels have their different degrees of difference, and the

calculated weight values of both subsystems are relatively low, this paper thus

introduces the model, which can better reply to the coordination degree of the

interactive coupling, and the function is shown as follows:

(6)

The coupling degree is combined with the comprehensive development level of

urbanization development and ecological environment system to calculate the

coupling coordination degree of the system , i.e. . Where,

indicates the comprehensive development level of the urbanization

system and ecological environment system in year . The specific index division and

value criteria are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Criteria for dividing the level of coupling and coordination

5. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

We obtained the index weights by calculation based on the city's 2016, 2018, 2019

and 2020 statistical yearbooks and the city's 2011-2020 statistical bureau data. Then

the city's urbanization and ecological environment development level is got by formula

(4), and then its coupling coordination degree and coupling development stage is

obtained by the coupling degree coordination calculation formula (6). The calculation

results are in Table 2, the development trend in the past ten years is obtained as

shown in Figure 1.

{D= (C⋅T)1/2

[

D(t)

D(t)=(C×T)1/2

T=[U1+U2]/2

D value range Coordination level External performance

0＜D≤0.3 Low coordination coupling

The development of urbanization has little

impact on the ecological environment system,

and the environmental carrying capacity is

large

0.3＜D≤0.5 Moderately coordinated coupling

The level of urbanization development

continues to improve, the ecological

environment is gradually destroyed, and the

carrying capacity of the ecological

environment system becomes smaller

0.5＜D≤0.8 Highly coordinated coupling

The development of urbanization, the

restoration of the ecological environment

system

0.8＜D≤1 Extremely coordinated coupling

The level of urbanization development and

the development of the ecological

environment system have entered a stage of

coordinated and orderly coupling

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Table 2. Coupling coordination degree and type from 2011 to 2020

From the data in Table 2, we can see that the level of urbanization development in

2011 is low at 0.0286, while the level of ecological environment development is

relatively high at 0.3300, and the development is unbalanced. So that the

environmental carrying capacity is large, and the coupling coordination degree is

0.1793, showing a low coordination coupling stage. From 2012 to 2013, the two

developed staggered. The level of urbanization continues to improve, the ecological

environment is gradually destroyed, and the carrying capacity becomes smaller. The

coupling coordination degrees are 0.3108 and 0.3267, respectively, showing a

moderate coordination coupling stage.

And in 2014, with the rapid development of urbanization, the development of the

ecological environment was hindered, so the coupling coordination degree of the two

dropped to 0.2957 again, showing a low coordination coupling stage. After 2014, due

to the continuous advancement of the urbanization process, including the

improvement of education level, and the increase of people's awareness of

environmental protection, the ecological environmental protection and governance

capabilities have been greatly improved. The coupling coordination degree has also

increased year by year, gradually rising from 0.3543 in 2015 to 0.7254 in 2019,

indicating that the coupling stage has changed from basic advanced to high

coordination, and will reach an extremely coordinated coupling stage of 0.8120 in

2020.

Year Level of

urbanization U1

Ecological

environment

development level

Coupling

coordination DCoordination level

2011 0.0286 0.3300 0.1793 Low coordination

coupling

2012 0.2294 0.3923 0.3108 Moderately coordinated

coupling

2013 0.1331 0.5203 0.3267 Moderately coordinated

coupling

2014 0.2474 0.3441 0.2957

Low coordination

coupling

2015 0.3412 0.3673 0.3543

Moderately coordinated

coupling

2016 0.4449 0.3771 0.4110

Moderately coordinated

coupling

2017 0.5724 0.4271 0.4997 Moderately coordinated

coupling

2018 0.7373 0.6619 0.6996 Highly coordinated

coupling

2019 0.7922 0.6586 0.7254

Highly coordinated

coupling

2020 0.8950 0.7291 0.8120

Extremely coordinated

coupling

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Figure 1. Development trend of coupling urbanization and ecological environment, 2011-2020

We can see from Figure 1 that the overall trend is up, except for 2013-2014, which

was a declining phase; the ecological environment development level has certain

fluctuations, and the overall trend is increasing. In terms of coupling coordination, the

overall trend is rising, then falling and then rising. The level of ecological development

of the city needs to be improved, the level of urbanization needs to be further

enhanced, and the coordination between the two needs to be strengthened. In 2012,

resulting in a decline in coupling, the development of urbanization was affected and

showed a downward trend. After 2013, urbanization flourished, which brought certain

pressure to development and made the level of development decrease. The steady

growth of urbanization promotes the development of high-tech industries. From 2015

to 2017, it showed a rapid upward stage. With the continuous improvement of

urbanization, the ecological environment is gradually destroyed and the carrying

capacity becomes smaller, which makes the coordination degree between the two low.

In general, although the urbanization construction has been continuously

strengthened and environmental governance has been continuously strengthened,

dialectically from the perspective of the comprehensive level, the overall ecological

environment is relatively low, resulting in a low degree of coordination between the

two, which is still in the Moderately coordinated coupling phase. From 2017 to 2018,

due to the development of technology, the environmental governance capacity has

been greatly improved, and the development level has been significantly improved.

Based on the above data, we can propose some environmental management

strategies for the city. First, we suggest that the city government should strengthen the

governing concept of ecological city construction and make great efforts to promote

the innovation of environmental governance systems and mechanisms. It should fully

coordinate the development, and insist on development in the protection and

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protection in the development. Second, improve top-level design and top-level

thinking based on development ideas and the current situation of the city. Determine

the overall goals, roadmap and timeline, and refine environmental goals in terms of

environmental quality, environmental regulation, and public participation. To combine

the research results of urban vision planning and development strategic planning,

carefully compile ecological construction and environmental protection planning.

Effectively maintain the authority of the plan, study and formulate annual

implementation plans, clarify the responsible subjects, and strictly implement the

assessment. In the implementation of ecological and environmental special planning

insist on finding aspects that are difficult to achieve, especially seize the air pollution,

drinking water, mountains and lakes, fumes and noise and several other outstanding

issues that affect the quality of the environment and the satisfaction of the public. In

the planning and implementation of the project in step-by-step arrangements to solve,

to accelerate the green development in full swing, the construction of a beautiful city

to provide strong support. Strengthen publicity and education, improve the public's

awareness of environmental protection and law-abiding, and cultivate a good

atmosphere focused on environmental credit. Consciously assume social

responsibility from the legal system mandatory to the rule of law compliance, to

achieve environmental pollution information disclosure, strengthen the treatment of

pollution to meet emission standards, and vigorously implement clean production,

through emission reduction and pollution control. Implant everyone's participation in

environmental protection in the hearts of citizens and encourage public participation in

ecological construction and environmental protection work. Encourage independent

media coverage to further strengthen public opinion monitoring. To achieve a strong

promotion of the two core elements of information disclosure and public participation

in environmental governance, and to guarantee residents' right to informed

environmental supervision.

6. DISCUSSION

In the context of urbanization, the integration of industry and cities has greater

power and thus positive and negative effects. One must limit the negative effects of

industry on the integration of industry and cities. One of the key measures is to

promote industry-city integration based on ecological construction. While promoting

industry-city integration, ecological construction should be promoted and

environmental management systems should be strengthened. To make the speed,

scale and intensity of industry-city integration adapt to the evolutionary process of

ecological environment carrying capacity and ensure that the development of

industrial and urban integration is always within the ecological environment appendix

value. Integrating population, resources and environment, promoting the integration of

industry-city and ecological civilization, and realizing the respective functions and

overall functions are the keys to the integration of industry-city and ecological

civilization. Make the integration of industry and city and ecological civilization

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construction promote each other, and promote and coordinate each other in time,

function and development speed.

7. CONCLUSION

Building an ecological city and optimizing the environmental governance system is

to meet the people's demand to have a better life. It is an objective requirement to

promote the construction of ecological civilization by the law and a strategic need to

achieve sustainable development under the new normal. This paper further analyzes

how to carry out reasonable environmental management based on the construction of

an ecological construction system of a city in the context of industry-city integration. To

provide a reference and the optimization of the environmental governance system in

the region.

1. The urbanization development of the city has been greatly improved. Except

for the period from 2012 to 2013 when the urbanization development level

decreased due to the decrease in the proportion of industrial output value, the

urbanization development level in general tends to be in a stable and

increasing stage in the last ten years, from 0.0286 in 2011 to 0.8950 in 2020.

Except from 2013 to 2014, when the level of ecological and environmental

development decreased due to the smaller carrying capacity of the ecosystem,

the level of ecological and environmental development, in general, tends to be

a stable and increasing stage in the last decade, from 0.3300 in 2011 to 0.7291

in 2020.

From this urban and ecological environment coupling development degree

curve we can see that the urbanization development level, and ecological

environment development level in Xiangyang city are all in the rising stage

during 2011-2013. During the period 2013-2014, the level of urbanization

development of the city has increased and its ecological development level has

decreased, while the coupled development degree of the two is in a decreasing

stage. During the period 2014-2020, all three of them are again in an

increasing stage.

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