COUPLED SYNERGISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF

THE SPORTS INDUSTRY AND URBAN PARK

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Manrong, Liu*

School of Arts and Business, Xi’an Siyuan University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, China.

m18093787229@163.com

Miao Zhang

School of Arts and Business, Xi’an Siyuan University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, China.

Reception: 06/03/2023 Acceptance: 14/05/2023 Publication: 02/07/2023

Suggested citation:

Liu, M. and Zhang M. (2023). Coupled synergistic development of the

sports industry and urban park ecological environment. 3C Empresa.

Investigación y pensamiento crítico, 12(2), 305-324. https://doi.org/

10.17993/3cemp.2023.120252.305-324

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ABSTRACT

The quality of sports and leisure has received the attention of local sports

departments. The construction of sports parks has become a new hot spot to enhance

the image of the city and develop sports. Therefore, this paper studies the coupled

and synergistic development of the sports industry and urban park ecology. First, the

current situation of urban sports parks in China is analyzed. Then the affiliation

numerical method was introduced into the evaluation of park ecology. Finally, we

calculate the acquisition index and evaluation and use it to analyze the ecological and

environmental effects of plant communities. The results showed that in Manduhai

Park, Hohhot, the temperature change of plant communities first rose and then slowly

decreased, with the highest temperature at 4 pm and the lowest at 8 pm, and the

cooling rate was 3.34%~5.05%. The relative humidity was highest at 8:00 a.m. and

lowest at 4:00 p.m., with a humidification rate of 1.82% to 12.18%. Wind speed is the

highest at 12:00 noon and the lowest in the morning and evening; the human body

feels the best comfort in the morning at 8:00, and feels uncomfortable around 12:00

and 16:00, with a variation range of 71.77±2.73 to 73.19±2.54; the research found that

42% of the visitors chose leisure and sports activities; followed by 39% for

entertainment and games, and 12% for cultural activities again. Thirty-one percent of

the visitors were satisfied with the leisure and sports facilities, 31% thought they were

average, 28% reached only basic satisfaction, and 10% were not satisfied with the

leisure and sports facilities.

KEYWORDS

Sports industry; Urban Park; Ecological environment; Coupled synergistic

development; Satisfaction

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INDEX

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION OF URBAN SPORTS PARKS IN CHINA

3. PARK ECOLOGY BASED ON SUBORDINATE DEGREE NUMERICAL METHOD

3.1. Index calculation and evaluation

3.2. Study of ecological and environmental effects of plant communities

3.3. Data processing

4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

4.1. Characteristics of daily changes in meteorological factors of plant communities

4.2. Plant community ICHB daily change characteristics and evaluation

4.3. Survey on satisfaction with park leisure and sports facilities

5. DISCUSSION

6. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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1. INTRODUCTION

Currently, China is facing a period of change in the transformation of its economic

system and social structure [1]. In this process, the Chinese "progressive" reform,

which starts from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, and "crossing the river by

feeling the stones", has now entered a critical stage [2-3]. However, although China's

economy has achieved world-renowned success, the ecological and environmental

problems faced by the country have become extremely serious. This, coupled with the

comparative advantage of resource endowments between regions and the

unevenness of economic development, has led to the blind pursuit of economic

aggregates among localities at the expense of the ecological environment [4-5]. The

green space of the city residents is squeezed by the profit space of the businessmen.

If the government plays a market role in providing ecologically beautiful recreation

areas, it will allow people to enjoy the tranquility brought by nature, which is bound to

have a significant improvement in the psychological condition and quality of life of the

nation [6].

Therefore, the emergence of urban sports parks caters to the needs of modern

cities and urban residents. It not only has the functions of a general park, but also can

combine green space and sports organically, providing more fun-filled sports activities,

and good opportunities for urban residents to exercise [7-10]. Of course, with the

development of sports, green and ecological development is the general trend.

Modern people go to the gym to exercise, go to the gymnasium to play ball, just to

"spend money to buy health", but it shows that people pay more and more attention to

their physical and mental health [11]. With the progress of the times, people further

pursue personalized leisure and recreation, and sports and fitness environments, and

want to pursue the highest level of harmony between humans and nature. However, at

present, the ecological environment of Chinese urban sports parks is a prominent

problem, resulting in the phenomenon of "cold doors" in Chinese sports parks [12-13].

To change this dilemma, the ecological value of urban sports parks should be

reconceptualized and affirmed, and the theme of "sports" should be strengthened. The

future development of urban sports parks should be examined from a "human-

centered" ecological perspective [14-15].

There are more studies related to recreational sports parks at home and abroad.

For example, literature [16] verified the feasibility of transforming parks into sports

parks by combining the actual situation of parks around the world and elaborating the

design scheme of sports parks by combining specific parks from the perspective of

landscape design. The literature [17] takes the perspective of benign industrial

development to build sports parks based on leisure tourist attractions to promote the

benign interaction between tourism and sports industries, as well as the development

of both. The literature [18] proposed the basic requirements and design principles for

healthy exercise spaces, argued that healthy exercise spaces should not be too large,

and developed the minimum land area required for exercise areas. The literature [19]

argued that there are fewer research results about exercise places and environments

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for community residents. And in community sports practice, the top three places for

the distribution of physical activity sites are parks, community venues and street

corners. In the literature [20], through ecological principles, the construction of the

Nanhai National Fitness Sports Park was carried out with sports facilities as the core

content, creating a theme park where green space and sports places are integrated,

with a perfect overall functional system, integrating sports, fitness and leisure.

Researchers believe that expanding green fitness and leisure activity space in the

process of urbanization is an important task for sustainable urban development. The

literature [21] addresses the current problem of the single function of community

parks, repositioning their functions and reconfiguring their resources to strengthen the

function of community parks for physical exercise, and making some suggestions on

the setting of programs, the cost of operation, and the opening hours. The literature

[22] analyzed the evolution of the system, mainly from the perspective of historical

evolution. It also proposed the concept of a community park leisure ecosystem and

confirmed the existence of a community park leisure ecosystem dominated by leisure

activities in community parks through case studies. The literature [23] found that

moderate recreational sports can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety,

improve self-image, social skills, and have a beneficial effect on both mental health

and cognitive function. The literature [24] studied the relationship between park

recreational sports and the physiological and psychological health of older adults. The

study found a direct relationship between park recreational exercise and lower systolic

blood pressure. The literature [25] states that although there is a long-term

relationship between recreational sports and health, the mechanism of the effect of

leisure on health remains unclear and more empirical results are needed to prove that

the type of leisure has a significant positive correlation with health. A comparison

between the two parks in Nijmegen and Amsterdam in the literature [26] concluded

that the main forms of sports and classes of people active in different parks are

different, but people expect to resolve these conflicts through cultural integration and

use this public space equally. Based on the aforementioned national and international

literature, it can be seen that the fastest-growing research related to the field of leisure

is currently: tourism, sports and health. In addition to continuing to expand and

deepen the research areas of parks, recreation, and tourism, more attention is also

being paid to the relationship between leisure and health and the impact of leisure

culture [27-28]. The study of leisure sports and sports parks in China has stepped into

a multidisciplinary and multi-faceted research level, including the attention of

researchers from various disciplines such as kinesiology, landscape architecture, and

economics, and it can be said that sports and leisure research, has gradually become

a very popular research topic [29-30].

This paper addresses the coupled synergistic relationship that currently exists

between urban sports and park ecology. The numerical method of affiliation is

substituted in the research process, and finally, the index and evaluation are obtained

by calculation, and the ecological and environmental effects of plant communities are

analyzed in this way. Meanwhile, this paper takes Manduhai Park in Hohhot as the

research object, and analyzes the characteristics of daily changes in meteorological

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factors of its park's plant community, the characteristics of changes in human comfort,

and the satisfaction of the park's leisure and sports facilities, to realize the research on

the coupling and synergistic development of urban sports and park ecology.

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION OF URBAN

SPORTS PARKS IN CHINA

A total of 39 urban sports parks are investigated in this paper, among which 19 are

directly named as sports parks, while others are equipped with sports facilities in

certain areas. These 39 urban sports parks basically represent the construction and

development of urban sports parks in China as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 (part I). Construction and development of urban sports parks in China

Park

name

Jiande

City

Gantan

Sports

and

Fitness

Plaza

Quzhou

Citizen

Fitness

Park

Ledu

County

Sports

Park

Guiyang

Baiyun

Park

Wenfeng

Garden,

Duyun

City

Korla

Riverside

Sports

Park

Urumqi

Sports

Park

Manduha

i Park,

Hohhot

Hengyan

g West

Lake

Park

Pingluo

County

Sports

Park

Park area

/m2133333 840000 500000 430000 176267 3000 55300 180000 190000 100000

The area

of sports

facilities /

22667 9980 200000 400000 10000 1500 18400 1126 30932 60000

Number

of sports

that can

be carried

out

16 12 7 10 28 20 7 20 20 12

Number

of social

sports

instructor

37 15 5 8 12 20 25 8 50 8

Annual

number of

people

participati

ng in

physical

fitness /

million

36 12 712 29 100 14 25 65 100 10

Park fees Free Free Free Free Free Free Free Free 30Yuan Free

Number

activities

per year

25 50 10 30 10 10 20 25 50 10

Site

facility

maintena

nce

system

Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist

Major

fitness

injury

No No No No No No No No No No

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Table 1 (part II). Construction and development of urban sports parks in China

Park

name

Donggua

n Sports

Park

Tianjin

Wangchu

anchang

Sports

Park

Qinhuan

gdao

Forest

Sports

Park

Yantai

Sports

Park

Lanzhou

Sports

Park

Yichang

Binjiang

Park

Beach

Fitness

Scenic

Spots on

Both

Sides of

the

Yangtze

River

Chengdu

Repulse

Bay

Swimmin

g Pool

Beidaihe

Olympic

Avenue

Park

Happy

Mountain

Forest

Park

Park area

/m2189600 60000 306667 1328000 60000 170000 1000000 72000 155600 13333333

The area

of sports

facilities /

60000 30000 41898 300000 35164 2000 120000 15000 38000 33333

Number

of sports

that can

be carried

out

12 12 8 12 13 15 12 8 18 20

Number

of social

sports

instructor

5 30 10 32 31 40 43 200 36 5

Annual

number of

people

participati

ng in

physical

fitness /

million

30 90 1 150 30 45 157 200 2 35

Park fees 1Yuan 0.3Yuan Free Free 5 Yuan Free Free 20 Yuan Free 10 Yuan

Number

activities

per year

30 10 10 20 126 6 10 20 24 30

Site

facility

maintena

nce

system

Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist

Major

fitness

injury

No No No No No No No No No No

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Table 1 (part III). Construction and development of urban sports parks in China

Park

name

Sun Yat-

sen

Mausole

um White

Horse

Stone

Carving

Garden

Wanlv

Garden

Wenchan

g Park

Dunhua

Beishan

Forest

Sports

Park

Jilin City

Paotaish

Sports

Park

Stalin

Park,

Daoli

DistrictH

arbin

Nantong

Sports

Park

Galaxy

Sports

Park

Xiushan

History

and

Culture

Park

Mawu

Road

Park,

Jianshan

District

Park area

/m2350000 724880 20533 300000 105000 65000 8000 7600 7600 90000

The area

of sports

facilities /

15000 20300 3000 56000 3000 20000 60000 4000 18000 4000

Number

of sports

that can

be carried

out

10-20 10 8 1 4 50 25 5 13 0

Number

of social

sports

instructor

14 20 10 5 4 96 60 10 18 0

Annual

number of

people

participati

ng in

physical

fitness /

million

200 40 30.5 20 0.3 300 120 11 12.8 300

Park fees 10 Yuan Free Free Free Free Free Free 1 Yuan 15 Yuan Free

Number

activities

per year

50 0 25 40 10 9 60 6 16 0

Site

facility

maintena

nce

system

Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist

Major

fitness

injury

No No No No No No No No No No

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Table 1 (part IV). Construction and development of urban sports parks in China

Through a survey of 39 cities that issued questionnaires, China has a total area of

34,816,300 m2 of sports facilities, with an average of 696,300 m2

per park. these

areas include sports field areas, water areas, path areas, etc., due to the inconsistent

caliber of parks in reporting area indicators, as well as misrepresentation. Therefore,

this data can only be a reference data. According to the statistics of the 2000 and

2010 China Mass Sports Survey, 87% of the morning and evening practice points for

mass sports activities in China are located in urban parks. The data from 20 urban

sports parks surveyed in this paper show that the parks with the most sports programs

in China can carry out more than 40 sports programs. For example, Stalin Park in

Daoli District, Harbin, and Minhang Sports Park, Shanghai, can carry out 49 and 46

sports and fitness programs, respectively [31]. Among the 39 urban sports parks

Park

name

Beijing

Chaoyan

g Park

Longtan

Park,

Chongwe

District,

Beijing

Quanzho

u Puxi

Riverside

Sports

Park

Baoji

Weihe

Park

Anhui

Bengbu

City Park

Ma'ansh

Xishan

Lake

Park

Minhang

Sports

Park

Zhongsh

an Park,

Shaheko

District,

Dalian

City

Taiyuan

Fenhe

Park

Park area

/m22887000 492000 5320000 1485 69000 1400000 839160 113000 3000000

The area

of sports

facilities /

170000 30922 139333 1260000 10000 6000 333000 15000 570000

Number

of sports

that can

be carried

out

10 28 12 19 15 16 46 10 16

Number

of social

sports

instructor

9 196 3 42 19 32 45 80 15

Annual

number of

people

participati

ng in

physical

fitness /

million

80 10 20 480 70 300 42 175 300

Park fees 5 Yuan 2 Yuan Free Free Free Free Free Free Free

Number

activities

per year

1000 25 12 13 300 3 120 12 50

Site

facility

maintena

nce

system

Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist Exist

Major

fitness

injury

No No No No No No No No No

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investigated in this paper, 15 parks can carry out 11-15 sports and fitness programs,

accounting for 34% of the overall number. 14 parks can carry out 16-20 physical

fitness programs, accounting for 31% of the overall. The sum of the two is 65%, so

most sports parks in China can carry out 11-20 physical fitness programs [32].

3. PARK ECOLOGY BASED ON SUBORDINATE

DEGREE NUMERICAL METHOD

3.1. INDEX CALCULATION AND EVALUATION

The ambient air quality index (GB3095-2012), the grading evaluation standard of

forest ambient air negative ion concentration, and the human comfort level

classification standard established by the China Meteorological Administration are

used as evaluation criteria [33]. Among them, the human comfort index

calculated by the following formula.

(1)

In the above equation, denotes the average temperature; denotes the relative

humidity; denotes the average wind speed, m/s.

3.2. STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS OF PLANT COMMUNITIES

The ecological and environmental effects of plant communities were evaluated by

using the affiliation function value method in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation [34]. The

affiliation function value was calculated as follows.

(2)

If the indicator is negative, the calculation formula is

(3)

Where

denotes the affiliation function value of the ecological effect of

sample site , denotes the measured value of an index of sample site ,

and

denote the maximum and minimum values of an index of the sample site,

respectively. The mean value of the affiliation function of each index of the selected

sample site is used as a criterion to determine the ecological effect of the sample site,

and the larger the mean value, the better the ecological effect of the sample site [35].

ICHB

ICHB = (1.8t+ 32) −0.55 (1−0.01Hr)(1.8t−26) −3.2 v

U(Xi)=(Xi−Xmin)/(Xmax −Xmin)

U(Xi)= 1 −(Xi−Xmin)/(Xmax −Xmin)

U(Xi)

Xmax

Xmin

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3.3. DATA PROCESSING

Microsoft Excel was used to count and analyze the monitoring data; Origin 2019

was used to draw correlation charts; SPSS 25.0 was used to conduct correlation

analysis (Pearson correlation test) and principal component analysis; the affiliation

function value method was used to calculate the integrated ecological and

environmental effects affiliation function values [36-37].

4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

This paper takes Hohhot City Manduhai Park, with latitude and longitude (40°42'N,

111°42'E), located in Saihan District, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous

Region, as the research object, which also serves the functions of forest germplasm

resources preservation, ornamental recreation, scientific research and teaching. It has

an altitude of 1056m, covers an area of 22hm2, and has a temperate continental

climate, with an average annual temperature of 5.8℃ and an annual rainfall of

300~450mm. There are more than 500 species of plants in the garden, belonging to

53 families and 122 genera, including coniferous species, broad-leaved species and

sandy plants.

In August 2021, a clear and breezy day was selected for 5 d of continuous field

monitoring. The monitoring time was from 8:00 am to 18:00 pm, with 2h intervals, and

6 times a day, and the meteorological factors, atmospheric particulate concentration

(), negative air ion concentration ( ) and human comfort (

) were

monitored simultaneously at a total of 6 sample sites in the park. The sampling height

was about 1.5 m. The meteorological factors of each plant community were measured

by a KestrelNK4500 portable meteorological instrument, and the average values were

taken three times. The TurnkeyDustmate dust monitor was used to measure the TPS,

PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations at each site, and after the instrument readings

were stabilized, the data were read from four directions, southeast and northwest,

respectively. After repeating each direction 3 times, the final average value was taken.

4.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF DAILY CHANGES IN

METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS OF PLANT

COMMUNITIES

Six sample sites in the park were selected, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and CK, and the

meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) were collected

from these six sites, and the daily variation characteristics of plant community

meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) were

compared and analyzed, as shown in Figure 1.

CAPM

CNAI

ICHB

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Figure 1. Daily variation of meteorological factors in plant communities

1. Temperature. As can be seen from Figure 1(a), the temperature of each plant

community varied in a similar trend during the day, rising first and then slowly

decreasing. The peak temperature occurred at around 16:00 and the lowest at

around 8:00. The average daily temperature of each sample site was

significantly lower than that of the control site, with a cooling rate of 3.34%

(sample site S2) ~ 5.05% (sample site S1). This may be related to the simple

plant community structure, low depression, poor shading effect and weak

transpiration in sample plot S2, which eventually led to higher temperature in

the sample plot.

2. Relative humidity. As shown in Figure 1(b), the relative humidity of each plant

community peaked at about 8:00 and was lowest at about 16:00. The trend of

daily average relative humidity was basically the same, and the change curve

was "V" shaped. The average daily relative humidity of each plant community

was significantly higher than that of the control site, with the humidification rate

ranging from 1.82% (sample site S2) to 12.18% (sample site S1). This is

mainly because the depression degree of sample plot S1 is larger than that of

sample plot S2, the air convection is weakened and transpiration is more

obvious. The diffusion of water vapor within the plant canopy was affected, the

rate was reduced, and the rate of humidification was increased.

3. Wind speed. From Figure 1(c), it can be seen that the wind speed variation

trend of each plant community is different, and the wind speed mostly peaks at

12:00 in the day, and the wind speed is the lowest in the morning and evening.

The wind speed variation curve of sample site S2 fluctuated the most and S4

fluctuated very little. Most of the sample sites had lower average daily wind

speed than the control site, which proved that the trees, canopy and branches

in the green space had a certain effect of shading and reducing the wind

speed. The wind speed of S2 was higher than that of the control site, which is

presumed to be due to the relatively small degree of depression in the green

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area and the weak shading effect of trees, resulting in enhanced air

convection.

4.2. PLANT COMMUNITY ICHB DAILY CHANGE

CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION

After collecting human comfort from a total of six sample sites in the park, the daily

change characteristics of human comfort of these plant communities were compared

and analyzed, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Daily variation of plant community

From Figure 2, we can see that the change trend of

in each place is similar,

and the change curve is inverted "V" shape. The comfort level was best in the

morning at 8:00 a.m., uncomfortable around 12:00 a.m. and 16:00 a.m., and more

comfortable at other times. The daily average

variation ranged from 71.77±2.73

to 73.19±2.54. The daily average of the plant community was significantly lower

than that of the control site, i.e., the park green space could effectively improve

with the highest improvement rate of 1.94%.

According to the human comfort scale, the daily average

in the tree garden

was in the VI range, i.e. "slightly hot". At around 8:00, all sample plots

were in

the "comfortable" range. At around 10:00, some of the sample sites

were in the

"comfortable" range, while the rest of the sample sites

were in the "slightly hot"

range. After 10:00, all the sample areas

continued to rise, and most of the

sample areas

were in the "slightly hot" range, and very few sample areas were

ICHB

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uncomfortable. From 16:00 to 18:00, decreased slowly, and most of the sample

sites were in the "slightly hot" range. Therefore, recreational activities in the tree

garden were not recommended from 10:00 to 16:00. The duration of physical comfort

in each site lasted 8.5-10h during the day, which was about 1.5h longer compared to

the control.

4.3.

SURVEY ON SATISFACTION WITH PARK LEISURE AND

SPORTS FACILITIES

The collected literature was analyzed, screened and judged, and a questionnaire

was created for local visitors based on a field study of the current situation of sports

and leisure in Manduhai Park in Hohhot. The questionnaires were consulted several

times with experts in sports event planning, organizational research, and

environmental protection research. Based on the feedback from the pre-survey

respondents, the questionnaire was revised, supplemented and integrated before

being finalized and developed. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of

each option of the questionnaire was ≧ 0.8 and the reliability of the questionnaire was

significant. At present, a total of 500 questionnaires were distributed and 429 were

collected. Among them, 382 questionnaires were valid, and the effective recovery rate

was 76.4%. The data collated shows that in terms of age distribution, the elderly (over

60 years old) are the main visitors to Manduhai Park in Hohhot. They have more

leisure time, and the park provides them with a good environment for human

interaction and eliminates the feeling of emptiness at home.

The demand situation of park visitors for park facilities and their satisfaction with

park leisure and sports facilities are plotted as shown in Figure 3.

(a) Demand for leisure and sports facilities in parks

ICHB

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(b) Satisfaction with park leisure and sports facilities

Figure 3. Demand for and satisfaction with leisure and sports facilities in parks

The data collated and analyzed in Figure 3(a) shows that the highest proportion of

visitors chose leisure and sports activities at 42%, followed by recreational games at

39%, and then cultural activities at 12%. Additional activities according to the needs of

visitors can extend their stay in the park and improve the utilization rate of the park.

In Figure 3(b), it can be seen that 31% of the 382 questionnaires are satisfied with

the leisure and sports facilities in Hohhot Manduhai Park, 32% of the visitors think the

leisure and sports facilities are average, 28% of the visitors are only basically satisfied

with the leisure and sports facilities, and 10% of the visitors are not satisfied with the

leisure and sports facilities. This degree shows that the existing leisure and sports

facilities, can’t meet the requirements of people to sports and leisure parks to the

maximum extent, so in terms of leisure and sports facilities update and the needs of

visitors, the park managers should be strengthened.

5. DISCUSSION

At present, sports and leisure projects are reflected in the ecological environment of

urban parks. On the one hand, visitors can choose their favorite sports and leisure

facilities in the parks and play sports to strengthen their bodies. On the other hand,

the continuous optimization of the ecological environment of urban parks also attracts

a lot of have to come to the parks to view the garden scenery. The combination of

sports and leisure projects and the ecological environment of the park has largely

achieved their coupled synergistic development.

If we want to further strengthen the coupled and synergistic development of the

two, we need to use the foundation of resource integration, start from ecology, culture

and economy, deeply strengthen the material infrastructure, and coordinate and

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integrate ecology, culture and economy, to realize the purpose of promoting culture

with ecology, promoting economy with culture and protecting ecology with economy.

Consolidate existing ecological resources and develop recreational sports programs

based on them. Using the existing recreational sports resources of the National Forest

Park as a model, we enhance the ecological resources of the watershed and

mountains to promote the common development of recreational sports programs. Use

media publicity and sports event programs to enhance the public's awareness of

ecological recreational sports. Based on the existing ecological resources, create

leisure sports with ethnic cultural characteristics and develop ethnic sports for leisure

without intruding into the main connotation of ethnic culture. Introducing ethnic culture

in the form of leisure sports, pulling ethnic exchanges, promoting regional economic

prosperity, building the material basis of leisure sports in China's ecological cities, and

arousing the awareness of mass participation.

6. CONCLUSION

This paper takes Hohhot Manduhai Park as the research object, and analyzes the

daily change characteristics of meteorological factors of plant communities, daily

change characteristics of human sensory comfort of plant communities, and the

results of a satisfaction survey of leisure and sports facilities in the park in Hohhot

Manduhai Park, and obtains the following conclusions.

As for the daily variation characteristics of plant community meteorological

factors, the temperature change of the plant community first rose and then

slowly decreased, with the highest temperature at 4:00 pm and the lowest at

8:00 pm, and the cooling rate was 3.34%~5.05%. This may be related to the

simple plant community structure, low depression, poor shading and weak

transpiration in sample plot S2, which eventually led to the increase in

temperature in the sample plot. The relative humidity was highest at 8:00 a.m.

and lowest at 4:00 p.m. The rate of humidification was 1.82%~12.18%, which

was mainly because the depression of sample plot S1 was larger than that of

sample plot S2, air convection was weakened, transpiration was more obvious,

water vapor diffusion within the plant canopy was affected, the rate was

reduced, and the rate of humidification increased. The wind speed was highest

at 12:00 noon and lowest in the morning and evening. The average daily wind

speed of most of the sample sites was lower than that of the control sites,

which proved that the trees, canopies and branches in the green areas had a

certain effect of shading and weakening the wind speed. The wind speed at

sample site S2 was higher than that at the control site, presumably because of

the relatively small depression in the green space and the weak shading effect

of trees, resulting in enhanced air convection.

Regarding the daily variation of plant community human comfort

characteristics, the best human comfort was found at 8:00 in the morning, and

discomfort was felt around 12:00 and 16:00. The variation of human sensory

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comfort ranged from 71.77±2.73 to 73.19±2.54, and the park green space

could improve the highest rate of comfort by 1.94%. Therefore, from 12:00 to

16:00, sports and recreational activities are not recommended in the tree

garden.

Regarding the results of the survey on satisfaction with leisure and sports

facilities in parks, the survey found that 42% of visitors chose leisure and

sports activities. The next entertainment game accounted for 39%, and again

cultural activities accounted for 12%. It can be seen that most of the visitors

come to urban recreation and sports parks mainly for recreation and sports

activities, indicating that visitors pay more attention to their health issues.

Thirty-one percent of the visitors were satisfied with the leisure and sports

facilities, 31% thought they were average, 28% reached only basic satisfaction,

and 10% were not satisfied with the leisure and sports facilities. The main

reason for this situation is that the sports facilities in city parks have not been

updated according to modern popular sports over time, and the lack of routine

maintenance of the facilities has resulted in serious weathering of the sports

facilities and human damage by visitors, making many of the sports facilities

unusable.

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