DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF (GO-MGO-
POPDA- PVA) NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS
Tabark Ahmed Jassim*
Department of chemistry,College of Science,University of Diyala
scichems0@gmail.com
Amir Fadhil Dawood
Department of chemistry,College of Science,University of Diyala
Reception: 18/10/2022 Acceptance: 26/12/2022 Publication: 20/01/2023
Suggested citation:
A. J., Tabark and F. D., Amir. (2023). Dielectric Properties of (GO-MgO-
PoPDA- PVA) nanocomposite films. 3C TIC. Cuadernos de desarrollo
aplicados a las TIC, 12(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctic.2023.121.15-27
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ABSTRACT
In this work, a pure (PVA) polymer film reinforced with magnesium oxide, graphene
oxide poly (o-phenylene diamine) (GO-MgO-PoPDA) was created utilizing the solution
casting process in various weight ratios (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt%). It was investigated how
varied weight ratios of the nanoparticles magnesium oxide (MgO) and graphene oxide
(GO) affected the Dielectric Properties of nano composite films. FTIR, SEM,X-RAY
were used to characterized the nanocomposite. The results of the dielectric properties
showed that the values of the alternating electrical conductivity of the prepared films
increase when adding (GO-MgO-PoPDA) nanoparticles and with the increase of the
frequency of the applied electric field and the increase of the particle content, while
the values of the dielectric constant increase with the increase of each of the content
of (GO-MgO- PoPDA) nanoparticles, but it decreases with increasing frequency.
Whereas, the dielectric loss coefficient of the prepared films decreases when
nanoparticles are added and with increasing frequency.
KEYWORDS
Dielectric Properties, Nanoparticles, Triple hybrid, Nanocomposite, Dielectric
Constant, dielectric loss, Electrical Conductivity.
PAPER INDEX
ABSTRACT
KEYWORDS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXPERIMENTAL PART
2.1. Synthesis of binary nanocomposite
2.2. Synthesis of the ternary nanocomposites
2.3. Synthesis of the quaternary composites
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Infrared spectrum of the triple composites (GO-MgO-PoPDA)
3.2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of Triple Composite (GO-MgO-PoPDA)
3.3. X-ray diffraction of the Triple Composites (GO-MgO-PoPDA).
4. DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES:
4.1. Dielectric constant (ε
)
4.2. Dielectric Loss Factor (ʺε)
4.3. Electrical Conductivity (σa.c)
REFERENCES
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1. INTRODUCTION
The research on polymer dielectrics (PD) For the past two decades, research has
focused mostly on materials with high energy-storage density for dielectric
applications due to their affordability, biocompatibility, flexibility, straightforward design,
and ease of processing[1-6].This method of expansion employed insulating
ferroelectric polymers, such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride
tetrafluoroethylene. Polymer nanocomposites have recently attracted interest as
energy storage materials [1-19], uses for electromagnetic interference shielding [20,
21] different kinds of nanofillers, such as CNT, CB, graphite, etc., are incorporated into
the ferroelectric polymer matrices during the construction of these PNC [1-26]. These
PNC fillers use a variety of fillers with various conductivities, sizes, forms, and co-
functionalization [1-26]. These PD are made using either the classic mixed technique,
which involves solution casting followed by heat molding, While most recently, our
team created the cold pressing method, which safeguards the ferroelectric polymers'
spherulites [9-12]. Since they have more interfaces in the PNC, the spherulites also
store electrical charge, this causes increased interfacial polarization and raises the
effective dielectric constant value. For enforcement in a more general scenario and
the associated commercialization, we were competent to demonstrate the value of
ferroelectric polymer matrices, the influence of filler surface area, the high value of
(eff) of 2400 in these PNC based on nanocrystalline nickel (n-Ni) filler, and the value
of cold pressing in the development of PD. [9-12]. Polymer/metal composites,
polymer/conductor composites, and polymer/ceramic composites are three examples
of PNCs, are being developed as part of the development of these PD [7-26].
Interesting percolation behavior is displayed in one class [27].
2. EXPERIMENTAL PART
2.1. SYNTHESIS OF BINARY NANOCOMPOSITE
The (GO) prepared by the modified Hummer method [28].The(MgO) prepared
through (sol-jel) method. The binary nanocomposite (GO-MgO) was synthesized by
dispersing (0.5 g) of (GO) in 100ml of non-ionic water using an ultrasonic water bath
at 25ºC for 1 hour to form a GO solution.(0.5g) of MgO added to the GO solution.
Moving for two hours at 25ºC and then dispersing for another one hour, the precipitate
was separated by centrifugation and dried at 80ºC for two hours.[29].
2.2. SYNTHESIS OF THE TERNARY NANOCOMPOSITES
The triplet nanocomplex was prepared by dispersing (0.5g) of the GO-MgO binary
complex in 50ml of non-ionic water by an ultrasonic bath at 25ºC for 1 hour and then
mixing with (1.62g) of o-PDA dissolved in 100ml of 0.1M (HCI) acid with constant
stirring for 1 hour in an ice bath. The oxidizing agent solution was synthesized by
dissolving (6g) of(APS) in 100 ml (HCI) at a concentration of 0.1M. It was gently
added dropwise to the main mixture with vigorous moving. Then the new mixture was
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kept in an ice bath under stirring for 4 hours and then removed from the ice bath.
Then, moderate stirring for 20 hours at 25ºC then the precipitate filtered washed with
acetone and distilled water several times and dried in the oven at 80ºC for 2
hours[29].
2.3. SYNTHESIS OF THE QUATERNARY COMPOSITES
The following six concentrations are used to create pure PVA polymer membranes
that are reinforcement by the triple nanolayer (GO-MgO-POPDA):
The triple composite was dispersed in 3 ml of non-ionic water and gently added to
PVA solution after the PVA had been thoroughly dissolved in (15 ml) of non-ionic water
with constant stirring at (60 °C). The mixture heated to a temperature of (50°C) while
being agitated for an additional hour and a half to create a homogenous solution.
Transferred to a petridish and dried at (25°C). Finally, the nanocomposites' films were
peeled off in order to examine their physical characteristics.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. INFRARED SPECTRUM OF THE TRIPLE COMPOSITES (GO-
MGO-POPDA)
The infrared spectrum of the triple compound is depicted in the figure. It reveals the
presence of several distinct bands for the triple hybrid compound, with the absorption
bands at the region (3440.8 cm-1 - 3110 cm-1
) belonging to the group (NH-,NH2) and
the appearance of the band (1680.7cm-1) connected to the stretching vibrations of the
(C=O) group (which is connected to graphene oxide). Two bands that are centered at
(1617.7 cm-1 - 1531 cm-1
) are a result of the group's stretching vibrations. (C=C)
Regarding the absorption bands, they are (C-N) in the quinoid and benzoide groups,
together with the bundles (1137.3 cm-1-1393 cm -1
) that belong to the alkoxy and
epoxy groups, and the bundle at (436.29 cm-1
) that belongs to the magnesium oxide
group MgO.
GO-MgO-PoPDA PVA The ratio
Zero 1 0 %
0.02 0.98 2 %
0.04 0.96 4 %
0.06 0.94 6 %
0.08 0.92 8 %
0.10 0.90 10 %
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Figure 1. Infrared spectrum of the triple composite (GO-MgO-PoPDA).
3.2. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) OF TRIPLE
COMPOSITE (GO-MGO-POPDA)
Scanning electron microscope with three composites (GO-MgO-PoPDA) SEM
images of (GO-MgO-PoPDA) with magnification powers of (1 mµ), (500nm), (200nm)
and are shown in Figure (2).The investigation reveals that all of the photos contain
asymmetrical structures, both in terms of shape and size. It should be highlighted that
the polymerization of the monomer oPDA on the surface of the binary compound is
the reason why graphene oxide and magnesium oxide did not appear clearly in this
test (GO-MgO) and that these asymmetrical forms are the result of the monomer's
haphazard diffusion across the oxide surfaces in the first step, which is followed by
polymerization when APS is added to it in the second step.
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Figure 2. SEM of Triple Composites (GO-MgO-PoPDA).
3.3. X-RAY DIFFRACTION OF THE TRIPLE COMPOSITES (GO-
MGO-POPDA).
The X-ray of the (GO-MgO-PoPDA) nanocomposite is depicted in Figure (3). The
image below shows that the created triple nanocomposite can differentiate the peaks
of magnesium oxide, and it is noteworthy that the maximum values of diffraction
angles were obtained (2ϴ
=26.7460, 27.9421,19.7250). The diffraction angles clearly
overlap the PoPDA polymer, and no graphene oxide peaks are seen as a result of the
overlap of the polymer and graphene oxide peaks.
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Figure 3. X-ray diffraction of the Triple Composites (GO-MgO-PoPDA).
4. DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES:
4.1. DIELECTRIC CONSTANT (ε)
The dielectric constant was calculated for the pure (PVA) polymer film and the
(PVA:PoPDA-GO-MgO) nanocomposite films varying the weight ratios (2,4,6,8,
10wt%) at room temperature (25 oC) as shown in figure (4), when it can be seen from
the graph that the dielectric constant drops as the frequency increases and for the
films of all hybrid nanocomposites [30]. Dipolar groups in insulating polymers can
arrange themselves in the direction of the electric field at low frequencies, but it is
difficult for this group (Dipoles) when it is large to arrange itself towards the fast and
time-varying electric field at high frequencies because the time period is short less
than the time it takes for the molecules to be able to arrange themselves in the
direction of the outgoing electric field, the electronic polarization occurs within a very
short but longer period of time than the ionic polarization, while the dipole polarization
takes a relatively long time compared to all polarizations, therefore the dielectric
constant of non-polar polymers remains almost constant at high frequency and
therefore (ε
) values decrease dramatically and sharply with increasing frequency in
low frequency regions [31], this may be the reason for the decrease in (ε
) values with
increasing frequency. Another reason for this decrease may be attributed to the
decrease in the polarization of the space charges to the total polarization [32]. We
also note from figure (4) that the dielectric constant (ε
) of the hybrid composite
(PVA:PoDA-GO-MgO) at the same frequency range rises with increasing weight ratios
of the nano-oxides (Magnesium Oxide and Graphene Oxide) added. The insulation
was recorded at the weight ratio (2 wt%) and its lowest value at the weight ratio (8
wt%), and all of these dielectric constant values are higher than the value of () for pure
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(PVA), and generally speaking, this rise in the dielectric constant value An increase in
polarity and an increase in charge carriers are thought to be the causes of electricity
[32].
Table 1. Dielectric constant of hybrid nanocomposite with different weight ratios of (GO,
MgO).
Figure 4. Dielectric constant as a function of hybrid nanocomposite films with different weight
ratios of (GO, MgO).
4.2. DIELECTRIC LOSS FACTOR (ʺε)
The energy dissipation in insulating materials is directly proportional to the dielectric
loss factor,
hence, understanding the importance of this component offers huge
advantages in the use of composite materials. So that the behavior of polar polymers
in an alternating electric field depends on the position of the dipoles, whether they are
within the polymeric chain or in its side groups. The insulating loss factor was
calculated for the prepared samples pure PVA polymer film and hybrid
nanocomposites films (PVA:PoPDA-GO-MgO) varying the weight ratios (2, 4, 6, 8, 10
wt%)) at room temperature ( 25 o
C) and within the frequency range (1MHz-5MHz),
from figure (5),
It is evident that for all prepared samples, the dielectric loss factor
decreases with increasing frequency.
Additionally, we observe that as applied
frequency rises, the dielectric loss first starts to decline at low frequencies, due to the
decrease in the polarization of the vacuum charges (Space Charge Polarization) [32].
There is another reason for this decrease in (εʺ
) values with increasing frequency,
which is because of the decrease of dipoles in nanocomposites [33]. The dielectric
loss factor is characterized by a high level of polarization of space charges for the
nanoparticles of oxides (Magnesium Oxide and Graphene Oxide), which leads to a
decrease in the values of (εʺ) with increasing frequency [34]. There is another reason
for (εʺ) to change with frequency because the dipoles absorb energy from the electric
field in the system in order to overcome the resistance of the viscous materials that
surround them during rotation, and this absorbed energy reduces the charge carriers
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moving between the limits in the widening with the increase in the frequency of the
applied field Thus, these dipoles require high energy that is higher than the system to
obtain relaxation and thus decreases (εʺ
) with increasing frequency [31]. Figure (5)
note that the value of the dielectric loss factor (εʺ
) at the same frequency range
increases when the weight ratios of nano-oxides (GO, MgO) increase, and that the
highest value of (εʺ
) for the weight ratio (6 wt%) and the lowest value of the weight
ratio (2 wt%) and the cause for this is due to the increase in the number of electrons in
the nano-oxides used, and thus the dipole charge increases, which leads to an
increase in electrical conductivity, thus increasing the value of (εʺ
) [32]. Table (2)
shows the dielectric loss factor values for hybrid compounds with different weight
ratios.
Table 2. Dielectric loss factor of hybrid with different weight ratios of (GO, MgO).
Figure 5. Dielectric loss factor as a function of frequency of hybrid nanocomposite films with
different weight ratios of (GO, MgO).
4.3. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (σa.c)
Electrical conductivity is defined as the process of moving electric charge from one
place to another through a medium when an electric field is applied. Alternating
electrical conductivity (σ
a.c) was calculated for the membrane of pure PVA polymer
and hybrid nanocomposites films (PVA: PoPDA-GO-MgO) at room temperature (25
oC) and varying the weight ratios (2,4,6,8,10wt %) and in the frequency range (1MHz -
Frequency
(MHz)
Dissipation Factor (εʺ)
PVA
2wt%
4wt%
6wt%
8wt%
10wt%
1
0.31
0.36
0.52
0.55
0.42
0.39
2
0.28
0.33
0.44
0.48
0.39
0.36
3
0.26
0.29
0.41
0.45
0.35
0.33
4
0.24
0.27
0.36
0.41
0.32
0.3
5
0.21
0.25
0.33
0.35
0.31
0.29
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conductivity (σ
compounds, this increase in (σ
relaxation peaks, which indicates that the increase in (σ
rearrange the dipoles in the system or molecular relaxation for polymer chains [35].
Alternating electrical conductivity (a.c.) in insulating materials is determined by
prepared hybrid nanocomposites films.
Table 3. Electrical Conductivity values of the hybrid nanocomposites films with different
weight ratios of (GO, MgO).
Frequency
(MHz)
(A.C) Electrical Conductivity (σa.c( (S/m)
PVA
2 wt%
4 wt%
6 wt%
8 wt%
10 wt%
1
7.65x10-6
1.06x10-5
1.7x10-5
2.27x10-5
2.97x10-5
3.59x10-5
2
3.21x10-5
3.67x10-5
4.18x10-5
5.03x10-5
5.43x10-5
5.98x10-5
3
5.29x10-5
5.95x10-5
7.02x10-5
8.05x10-5
8.55x10-5
9.36x10-5
4
7.38x10-5
7.98x10-5
9.79x10-5
1.08x10-4
1.18x10-4
1.27x10-4
5
9.5x10-5
1.08x10-4
1.27x10-4
1.38x10-4
1.58x10-4
1.65x10-4
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Figure 6. Electrical Conductivity as a function of frequency of hybrid nanocomposite films with
different weight ratios of (GO, MgO).
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