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EVALUATION OF THE CONDITIONING TO DETERMINE
THEIR THERMAL COMFORT IN THE EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS OF THE PUNO REGION
Mercedes Galarza
Federico Villarreal University EUPG- UNFV- Lima, (Peru).
E-mail: 2020005182@unfv.edu.pe
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-9619
Doris Esenarro
Federico Villarreal University EUPG- UNFV- Lima, (Peru). Ricardo Palma University -
URP- Lima, (Peru). Specialized Institute for Ecosystems and Natural Resources
Research (INERN), (Peru).
E-mail: desenarro@unfv.edu.pe
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-9614
Jose Livia
University National University Federico Villarreal UNFV, (Peru).
E-mail: jlivia@unfv.edu.pe
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-3440
Elizabeth Segovia
Federico Villarreal University - Ecotourism School, UNFV- Lima, (Peru).
Specialized Institute for Ecosystems and Natural Resources Research (INERN), (Peru).
E-mail: esegovia@unfv.edu.pe
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8790-6707
Recepción: 10/09/2021 Aceptación: 05/11/2021 Publicación: 14/02/2022
Citación sugerida:
Galarza, M., Esenarro, D., Livia, J., y Segovia, E. (2022). Evaluation of the conditioning to determine
their thermal comfort in the educational institutions of the Puno region. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación
aplicadas a la pyme, Edición Especial, (febrero 2022), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2022.
specialissue9.151-165
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ABSTRACT
This research aims to evaluate the conditioning that determines the thermal comfort in the
Educational Institutions of the Puno Region. The schools of the study site lack thermal
comfort due to the existing low temperatures, so the study evaluates the conditioning that
allows determining the thermal comfort in the Educational Institutions of the Region. The
methodology used in this context is experimental since measurements have been made in
situ, obtaining results that allow comparing and demonstrating the use of passive materials
in the classrooms to improve the interior conditioning, bringing; as a result, an eciency
of 85% as a conclusion we can say that the implementation of passive materials inside the
classrooms, helps to improve thermal comfort.
KEYWORDS
Thermal, Thermal conditioning, Comfort, Thermal comfort.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Thermal comfort is a neutral sensation of the person concerning a given thermal
environment. According to ISO 7730, thermal comfort “is a mental condition in which
satisfaction with the thermal environment is expressed. The high Andean areas of Peru
have a cold climate during most of the year, with temperatures below freezing. Therefore,
the premises for educational use are primarily built with techniques that do not take into
account the low levels of environmental temperature, which could lead to the development
of a series of infectious diseases among students that would limit their academic performance
(Hinojosa et al., 2021).
The development of the research will provide better living conditions for the population
and as a result of this the reduction of morbidity and mortality caused by Acute Respiratory
Infections (ARI), “Pneumonia being the disease that produces more deaths in Peru,
according to the report published in 2013 by the Institute Health Metrics and Evaluation
(IHME), which studies the causes of premature deaths in 1990 and 2010. A health problem
that mainly aects children under ve years old and adults over 65 years old. From 2009
to 2013, the departments with the highest lethality due to pneumonia have been Puno,
Huancavelica, Junín, Ayacucho, Cusco and Huánuco” (Umán & Méndez, 2019).
It is for this reason that the present work conducts a study of the educational premises,
identifying and analyzing the environmental and constructive characteristics and technical
perception of the users inside the classroom and proposing alternatives that overcome the
ecological limitations of the school premises, providing them with elements that insulate the
classrooms from the cold and thus protect the children who attend them. The contribution
of this research, through the study carried out in the educational premises of Puno, is to
propose an alternative solution to improve the management of the conditioning process
and thermal comfort inside the existing classrooms in the study area through a passive
air conditioning system according to the social, cultural and environmental characteristics
of these (Esenarro et al., 2021) For which air conditioning strategies will be taken into
consideration with the use of natural energies, which are inexhaustible resources and do not
generate polluting emissions (Norma EM.110, 2014).
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2. METHOD
The methodology used is experimental due to manipulating the variable temperature vs.
materials to achieve the required results at the study site (Belón, 2018).
Study area
The study was carried out in Peru, in the city of Puno.
IE N° 72312, C.P. Tiquitiqui is located in Altoandino at 3,889 m.a.s.l., Inchupalla District,
Huancané Province, Puno Region (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Location of the study area.
Source: own elaboration.
Current temperature inside the IE 72312, C.P. Tiquitiqui is located in Altoandino at 3, 889
m.a.s.l., Inchupalla District, Huancané Province, Puno Region (Flores & Quispe, 2017).
The temperature inside the classroom
Figura 2. (a) at 8.50 am it is 11.6°C. (b) At 10.50 am it is 13.5°C.
Source: own elaboration.
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Type of Research
The quantitative research will analyze the facts before and during the implementation
of conditioning materials, explore the thermal comfort inside the classrooms. From the
information, the results will be obtained to determine the types of the proposed materials
(Quispe, 2015).
Procedure
For the present investigation, a eld survey of the School Premises is carried out. Once the
eld survey has been carried out, the types of materials found and their state of conservation
is veried (Quispe, 2013).
3. Results
The results are that temperatures increase from 1°C to 5°C inside each classroom.
Table 1. Table of Existing Materials-Interior Floors.
1.- What is the current state of conservation of
the classrooms - INTERIOR FLOORS?
Field Trip N°10 of
Respondents
Percentage
100%
Well 1 10%
Fair 6 60%
Bad 3 30%
TOTAL 10 100%
Source: own elaboration.
In Table 1, Existing interior oors of the classrooms, it can be seen that 10% are in good
condition, 60% of the existing base is in fair condition, and 30% is in a poor state of
conservation (Bojórquez, 2010).
Figure 3. Existing interior oors.
Source: own elaboration.
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Figure 3 shows the materials used, such as tongue and groove wood 1 “x4”, placed on
wooden sleepers, with a poor concrete base, set on natural soil.
Figure 4. New interior oors.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 4 shows the removal of existing 1 “x4” tongue and groove wood + wood sleepers
+ lean concrete base. New 3/4 “x4” wood screw tongue and groove oor + sealer + wood
preservative + dd varnish. Concrete false oor e=4”, on compacted granular material +
sawdust + plastic sleeve and wood sleepers screw 2 “x3” (MINEDU, 2008).
Table 2. Table of Existing Materials-Windows.
2.- What is the current state of conservation of
the classrooms - WINDOWS?
Field Trip N°10 of
Respondents
Percentage
100%
Well 0 0%
Fair 3 30%
Bad 7 70%
TOTAL 10 100%
Source: own elaboration.
Table 2 shows that 30% of the existing windows are in fair condition, and 70% are in poor
condition.
Figure 5. Existing windows.
Source: own elaboration.
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Figure 5 shows the casement windows with 1” iron frame “L” prole + 4mm single glazing
with deteriorated putty, with enamel paint stains on the front face.
Figure 6. Double glazed windows with intervention.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 6 shows the windows that were replaced, all single glazing to 4mm double glazing,
bonded with silicone + 4-micron security laminate. In addition, new sliding windows will
be installed inside the classroom, with aluminum frames and 6mm laminated glass. It will
be placed 5cm away from the existing window.
Table 3. Table of Existing Materials-False Ceiling Interior-Exterior.
5.- What is the current state of preservation of the classrooms
- FALSE ROOFED ROOFED INTERIOR-EXTERIOR?
Field Trip N°10 of
Respondents Percentage
Well 1 10%
Fair 2 30%
Bad 7 70%
TOTAL 10 100%
Source: own elaboration.
In Table 3, the existing interior oors of the classrooms, it can be seen that 10% of the
interior-exterior false ceilings are in good condition, 20% are in fair condition and 70% are
in a poor state of conservation (Simancas, 2003).
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Figure 7. Existing false ceiling: 4mm plywood sheets, xed to the lower part of the wooden scissors in 1.22m x
1.22m panels, joined with wooden ashing, with varnish paint nish.
Source: own elaboration.
Materials Intervention- False ceiling, interior-exterior
Figure 8. False interior ceiling with Intervention: New false ceiling made of aluminum proles will be placed 10
cm away from the wooden purlins, where the new acoustic tile sheets will be installed with the aluminized side
facing the ceiling + thermal insulation of Roca mineral wool, 2” blanket type + 6-micron plastic sleeve.
Source: own elaboration.
Table 7. Table of Existing Materials - Interior Walls.
7.- What is the current state of conservation of
the classrooms - INTERIOR WALLS?
Field trip N°10 of
Respondents
Percentage
100%
Well 0 0%
Fair 1 10%
Bad 9 90%
TOTAL 10 100%
Source: own elaboration.
Table 7, the existing interior walls of the classrooms, shows that 10% are in fair condition
and 90% are in a poor state of conservation.
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Figure 9. Existing walls: They are of conned masonry + latex paint, in a regular state of conservation.
Source: own elaboration.
Intervention Table - Interior Wall
Figure 10. Double walls with Intervention: New 6mm ber cement wall, xed to a 64 and 65 mm. drywall metal
structure, with interior thermal insulation of 2” mineral wool blanket + matte oil paint after applying base color
and sealing of joints.
Source: own elaboration.
Once the state of conservation of the materials found and determining their state of
preservation, we proceed to propose the New Materials that will replace or improve the
existing materials of the Classroom, to achieve the Conditioning and Thermal Comfort
inside the Classroom, to mitigate the cold of the area (Belón, 2018; Bojórquez, 2010).
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Figure 11. New Environments to be Proposed.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 12. Double walls with intervention.
Source: own elaboration.
Likewise, we propose two new environments that will be attached to the classrooms and
will serve to control the comfort inside the classrooms; in the back is the greenhouse lobby.
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Figure 13. Existing Façades - Façades with Classroom Intervention.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 13 shows the school before the modication on the left-hand side and the right-
hand side with the greenhouse.
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Figure 14. School with new materials.
Source: own elaboration.
Once the placement of the new materials has been completed, the temperatures inside the
classrooms are taken every 2 hours and compared with the temperatures taken before the
intervention of the classrooms.
4. CONCLUSIONS
The new double glazing and Greenhouse and Lobby windows must be controlled (Bakos &
Schiano-Phan, 2021).
When the sun heats up, which is from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m., the Greenhouse will heat up and
transmit the heat to the interior of the classrooms.
To keep indoor classrooms comfortable in winter, the lobby doors should be kept closed.
Likewise, the design of the façade is essential, which allows the capture of solar radiation
and to be able to capture the energy from nature (Esenarro et al., 2020).
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