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SUSTAINABLE ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND
STORAGE MECHANISM THROUGH DOORS
Saud Sattar
Institute for Clean Growth and Future Mobility, Coventry University,
(United Kingdom).
E-mail: sattar5@uni.coventry.ac.uk
ORCID: https://doi.org/0000-0003-2477-0838
Atif Saeed
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, SZABIST
Karachi, (Pakistan).
E-mail: m.atif@szabist.edu.pk
ORCID: https://doi.org/0000-0003-4369-2388
Jane Proszek
Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York,
(United Kingdom).
E-mail: jane.proszek@york.ac.uk
ORCID: https://doi.org/0000-0002-1212-8920
Immar Khan
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, SZABIST
Karachi, (Pakistan).
E-mail: immarkhan@live.com
ORCID: https://doi.org/0000-0001-5748-1341
Recepción: 17/09/2021 Aceptación: 16/11/2021 Publicación: 14/02/2022
Citación sugerida:
Sattar, S., Saeed, A., Proszek, J., y Khan, I. (2022). Sustainable Electricity Generation and Storage
Mechanism through Doors. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme, Edición Especial, (febrero
2022), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2022.specialissue9.197-207
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ABSTRACT
The comfort associated with safety and convenience is here what man fought for. Our idea
was to bring both. The culmination of our eorts has led to the us to create a way to utilize
wasted physical energy convert it into usable energy and then save it eciently. As today’s
world requires a lot of energy the various stages of their life. So, this idea is explanatory
about the conversion of muscle strength into mechanical energy can also be converted into
useful electricity power. This conversion can be done using a simple track and gear for the
opening and closing op doors and generator (dynamo) to covert the motion of the gear on
the track to usable electricity. The novelty of this scientic work is the implementation of
four dierent types of batteries for on the same model to evaluate the system’s autonomy
and the eciency of these battery types on a driving cycle, in real time.
KEYWORDS
Energy generation, Sustainable development, Gears, Track, Usable energy.
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1. INTRODUCTION
More and more engineers needed to play a leadership role in sustainable development, to
challenge the global challenges, such as declining resources, pollution, rapid population
growth and environmental damage. Looking at the problems facing our world today and
the problems that are expected to arise in the rst half of the twenty-rst century, for
engineers to revisit their thinking and adopt a new technology statement - to contribute
to building a sustainable, stable and equitable land has become more critical. Since the
industrial revolution the world is revolving around machinery and technology that
has played a major role in energy consumption and carbon emissions and as our eld,
mechatronics, also relates to these works it is up to us to think and create a way for our
world to be more sustainable. For out project the need for such design and production of a
system, which will use free muscle power, to converts it into electricity. Electrical power is a
basic and important requirement therefore must be a system present that can convert free
energy into electricity power.
This thought essentially assists with capturing of the energy which is wasted while opening
and shutting of the door. In this the angular motion of the entryway is changed over into
rotatory movement. The rotatory motion is achieved by the gear that will be rotating on
the track that is made and the motor coverts the rotatory motion into electricity. dynamo is
an electrical generator that makes direct ow utilizing a commutator. The electric dynamo
utilizes turning coil of wire and magnetic elds to change over mechanical pivot into a
beating direct electric ow through Faraday’s law of induction.
Household electricity consumption sector represents one of the main determinant factors
of climatic changes, 23 % of the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere coming from this
sector. The goal is to reduce the emission of green-house gases and is achievable if the
energy generated from sustainable sources are stored with maximum eciency.
This study presents the autonomy of an Electric system that utilizes four dierent types of
batteries: Lithium Ion (Li-Ion), Molten Salt (Na-NiCl2), Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH)
and Lithium Sulphur (Li-S), all of them having the same electric energy storage capacity.
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1.1. BACKGROUND STUDY
We combed through a number of research papers and selected a couple that were pertinent
to our endeavor. Starting o with the rst paper they are looking of necessity for creating
and producing a system that will allow the Door to operate more freely, as well as converting
the energy received by the generating system into electricity. We conclude that energy
that is squandered in one way or another may be used to create electricity using a simple
method. Because today’s world is totally reliant on many forms of energies, all of which
will vanish or exhaust at some point in the future, we must rely on free energy to power our
fundamental gadgets that require electricity to function. The components they were using
to create these were Gear Set, bearing, belt, LEDs, & Dynamo.
In the second research, we have gone through the necessity for creating and producing
a system that will allow the Door to operate more freely, as well as converting the energy
received by the generating system into electricity. We discovered how genuine power may
be created through the operation of the dynamo employed in the research. We were able
to grasp the fundamental ideas of the components after going through the typical design
methods they used in the project. We had a good understanding of and expertise with
the model’s manufacture and construction. We also learned an automated door function,
which closed and opened the entrance. The components they used were y wheel, rack,
Spur Gear, Bevel Gear, Shaft, pulley & V-belt.
In the third paper, this concept essentially conserves the muscular energy that is expended
during opening and closing. The door’s angular movement is translated into rotational
motion in this way. The belt and pulley system is used to provide this rotational motion.
Two pulleys are employed, one of which is larger and linked to the shaft that passes through
the door hinges. The v-belt transmits power and motion from a larger pulley to a smaller
pulley. The objective of a V-belt is to maintain a consistent spacing between the bigger
and smaller pulleys. As a result, the door’s angular movement is transformed to rotational
motion, which is then passed on to the generator through the smaller pulley. We conclude
that energy that is squandered in one way or another may be used to create electricity using
a simple method. Because today’s world is totally reliant on many forms of energies, all
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of which will vanish or exhaust at some point in the future, we must rely on free energy to
power our fundamental gadgets that require electricity to function.
One advantage that our project has is that it can be attached to normal door without the
need for extensive removal of door parts and further addition of new parts. The track will
be attached to the wall above the door and the motor can be attached to the door itself with
some object to align the gear to the track.
2. METHODOLOGY
For our parts we have used acrylic as a material as it has temperature tolerance of up to
170 to 190 degrees. The tensile strength of the material is 64.8-83.4 MPa, shear Modulus
of 1.70 GPA and modulus of elasticity of 2.76-3.3 GPA. We also used this as it easier to cut
and readily available and cheaper than other alternatives.
Figure 1. Rack Design.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 2. Gear Design.
Source: own elaboration.
To make our project we had to create two parts rstly the track and the gear. We made our
track which is a normal gear of diameter 19 inches, pitch diameter of 18.5 inches with 45
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teeth and diametral pitch of 2.43 inches. The circular gear was extrude cut to make a track
of 90 degrees for the smaller gear to move on it.
The smaller gear which has pitch diameter of 2.5 inches, with 6 number of teeth and
diametral of 2.4. the small gear is full spur gear which will be used to move on the track and
rotate the pin of the motor. The small gear will be attached to the motor and the motor will
be attached to the door as the door moves the gear will rotate about the track and the motor
will generate electricity to light the led.
For the analysis we used alloy steel as it preferable to use steel as the material. We used
acrylic as it would be cheaper and readily available for us. The acrylic pieces are strong as
well and can withstand the force produced from pushing the door easily.
Figure 3. Gear Stress Analysis.
Source: own elaboration.
The electrical characteristics of all four battery types studied in this paper are presented in:
Table 1. Comparison of batteries.
Name Value for Battery Type Unit
Li-Ion Na-NiCI2Ni-MH Li-S
Maximum Charge 75 84 85 80 Ah
Nominal Voltage 323 289 288 305 V
Stored Energy 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 kWh
Maximum Voltage /
Minimum voltage 339 / 308 275 / 304 274 / 302 290 / 320 V
Initial Charge 100 100 100 100 %
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Number of Cells per Cell-Row 12 12 20 26 -
Number of Cell-Row 17 30 20 1 -
Internal Resistance charge /
discharge 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 Ω
Operating Temperature 33 270 36 30 ºC
Specic Heat Transition 0.4 6 0.4 0.08 W/K
Specic Heat Capacity 795 950 677 1650 J/kg*K
Mass of Battery 318 457 534 173 Kg
Battery Price 300 500 400 250 €
Source: own elaboration.
3. RESULTS
From our project design we found that the gear is rotating almost 1.5 rotations. The voltage
that we are generating is within a range of 1 volt to 0.1 volt depending on the amount of
force you use to push the door. We took multiple calculations and found an average of 0.2
volts being produce while applying regular force to the door. We found that, even after
applying as hard a force you can apply to the door, acrylic can handle these forces easily.
If the voltage of 0.2 volts can be generated from one motion of opening the door, then
for example if one person opens door let’s say 20 times in a day then then one person can
generate about 4 volts then one these mechanisms can be used in a university were 500’s
of people use one class room over a day then you can generate about 2000 volts in a day.
If this mechanism is used in multiple doors of a university, building or a house then we can
generate multiple volts in day.
The results of the four battery types obtained from hardware are presented in Figure 4.
Total Output Energy (kJ) and Total Input Energy (kJ) results obtained, with all the four
battery types, are presented in Figure 4. The results’ analysis reveals that the recovered
energy represents between 2 and 4 % of the total consumed energy.
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Figure 4. Comparison of Output and Input Energy.
Source: own elaboration.
The Electrical Power (kW) results, calculated, are presented in Figure 5. The power
developed by the electric system (identical in all four cases) is similar for all four battery
types, compared to the power values developed by the electric system powered by a Li-Ion
battery, the Li-S batteries generate 0.5 % less power, Na-NiCl2 generate 0.5 % more power,
and Ni-MH batteries generate 1.3 % more power.
Figure 5. Power Comparison of Batteries.
Source: own elaboration.
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4. CONCLUSIONS
In our generation were the whole world and society have become dependent on power and
with radical depletion of resources to produce power a way to introduce energy generation
from everyday things like opening doors, that would normally have been wasted, can have
a huge impact on our resources and carbon footprint as this energy that would be produced
will have no repercussions, such as destroying the environment or adding to the already
excessive greenhouse gases, can greatly benet our world from the dangers of the ever
depleting resources and can help with the sustainability of energy production, clean energy
production. Our project can be further improved by introducing a way for the closing of
the door to also generate power so energy can be made two ways rather than one. The
number of teeth and gear ratio can further be improved so that the small gear makes more
revolutions thus creating more electrical power.
Also, Na-NiCl2 batteries have proven to be the best choice from an energy consumption
point of view. Besides that, other important advantages are their low price, increased lifecycle
or great functioning under normal parameters in harsh environments. One disadvantage of
these batteries is increased operating temperature, which is causing the battery electrolyte
to solidify if the vehicle is not used. That is why, it is necessary to have one external system
which maintains the battery’s operating temperature under functional parameters.
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