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AIR POLLUTION ALERT SYSTEM USING IOT WITH
GPRS
Kalpana Murugan
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: drmkalpanaece@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-0468
S. Murugeswari
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: sudha.murugeswari@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5240-4360
Vaishnavi Parlapalli
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: vaishnavi31198@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-1618
Cherukuri Mohana Teja
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: cherukuriteja77@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-6179
Karasala Triveni
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education,Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: triveni1898@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-7063
Recepción:
25/10/2019
Aceptación:
07/08/2020
Publicación:
30/11/2021
Citación sugerida:
Murugan, K., Murugeswari, S., Parlapalli, V., Teja, C. M., y Triveni, K. (2021). Air pollution alert
system using IoT with GPRS. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme, Edición Especial,
(noviembre, 2021), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2021.specialissue8.99-111
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ABSTRACT
The air pollution is considered as the major problem which is caused due to the increase of
the vehicles. To reduce the air pollution, many countries has explained dierent technologies
like Zigbee based monitoring system which is used to measure the quality of an air. In
this project a Wireless Inspection and Notication System (WINS) is proposed through the
concept of Internet of Things (IoT). By implementing the system, it is possible to identify
the harmful gases that present in the environment. In this WINS system, it uses GPRS
based technology as a low cost and smart wireless communication method is adopted to
collect and transmit the information about the harmful gases. The collected information
will be stored for future purposes. To detect the environment pollution, proposed system
uses dierent gas sensors i.e., CO sensor, MQ135 gas sensor and LM35 temperature sensor
which is used to detect the pollution that present in the environment.
KEYWORDS
Air pollution, WINS, IoT, Wi-Fi module, CO sensor, MQ135 sensor, LM35 temperature
sensor.
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1. INTRODUCTION
IoT is a system which is related to all types of devices such as electronic, mechanical, some
objects and all other living organisms. It helps in transferring data without any human
support. It is generally used where network connectivity comes into the picture. It allows
devices to exchange data between any two objects with minimum human interaction.
With the help of IoT based technology scientists have developed new security challenges
and ensuring security to IoT based products is given as major priority. Also, IoT induces
faith within users so they believe that the IoT based systems do not have any weakness
(vulnerability). In case if these products are secured properly there is a chance of potential
breach.
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a TTL based module. The type of GPRS used is
SIM900. The frequency range available in India for GPRS module is between 900- 1900
Mhz. In other countries like U.S it can be used below 900 i.e., 850 Mhz. The proposed
system works with a power supply of 5v. Also, this system provided with an inbuilt rectier
that reduces the input voltage of any value to its required number of volts.
Air pollution occurs when the large amount of biological and gaseous substances is exposed
to atmosphere. This results the emergence of several new diseases and sometimes it leads
to death of living organisms. Not only living beings but also it causes damage to food
crops and may even damage environment. Main reasons behind all these activities are
excessive use of gas emitting machinery. This problem is mainly observed in metropolitan
cities like Chennai, Bangalore etc., this problem even leads to change in climate condition
in an untimely manner. The main remedy to eradicate air pollution is by utilizing natural
power supplies like solar energy, wind energy and tidal energy instead of these harmful
machineries.
In Now-a-days air pollution is the major problem of every country. Due to this air pollution
many people are facing dierent health issues. The rate of health issues has been growing
faster in many areas which contain developing industrialization. It also may be due to the
increase of number of vehicles which releases harmful gases. In this system the quality of
air will be monitored, and it provides the output in threshold values. The proposed system
uses three dierent sensors such as MQ135, MQ7. LM35 sensor is added in this system to
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show the amount of temperature and humidity. These sensors are used to identify dierent
types of gases like CO2, CO, and Benzene. When these gases are detected by the sensors,
the gases values are measured, and the threshold values of the gases are displayed on the
LCD. When the threshold value is beyond the particular level, it provides buzzing sound by
the buzzer that present in the system. This proposed system can be installed anywhere but
mostly in industries and houses, where gases are mostly to be found.
In this IoT project it uses Arduino UNO, CO sensor, MQ135 gas sensor and LM35
temperature sensor, which is used to monitor the pollution level. This system uses GPRS
module to monitor the air pollution from any place using PC or mobile. In SECTION-II,
related literature survey was discussed. In SECTION-III, has been discussed along with its
proposed method. In SECTION-IV, the results have analyzed and discussed. Finally, this
paper is concluded with a Conclusion in the SECTION-V.
2. RELATED WORK
Mansour et al. (2014) explains about a set of gas sensors that are developed on stacks and
infrastructure of a ZigBee and central server will support both short-term real time incident
management and a long-term strategic management. It is a low data rate and low power
wireless communication technology. Low-cost air-quality monitoring nodes consist of gas
sensors with Wi-Fi module (Parmar, Lakhani, & Chattopadhyay, 2017; Xiaojun, Xianpeng,
& Peng, 2015). It evaluates concentration of gases like CO, CO2, SO2 using sensors. The
monitoring system has highly complex equipment technology and unstable operation.
A wireless multi-gas sensing system is capable to identify the concentration of harmful
elements like CO, CO2 and CH2O. A mobile app is developed to show data related to
the concentration of gases when it is too high. The hardware sharing technique is used to
reduce the hardware cost (Huang et al., 2018).
Papers of Phala, Kumar, and Hancke (2016) and Kumar and Jasuja (2017), uses set of
sensors to take the measurements of air present in the environment. The wireless network
transmits the information to the base station. Gas concentration values are plotted on
the Graphical User Interface (GUI). Low-cost air pollution sensors used to monitor air
pollution at spatio temporal resolution. Sensor calibration must be eective to improve
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the data quality. Data quality of sensors is used to maintain the reliability (Maag, Zhou, &
Thiele, 2018).
Recurrent air quality predictor is used to monitor the air quality. It provides one-hour
prediction model which is used to monitor the current values of air pollution and to predict
the air quality (Gu, Qiao, & Lin, 2018).
Papers of Cataliotti et al. (2014) and Devahema et al. (2018) contain dierent kinds of data
sources received from open IoT platform and gives access to users. This work majorly deals
with the dierent types of data classication and mobile crowd sensing management. It gives
all possible methods for meeting dierent kinds of security challenges and vulnerabilities.
In the work of Sarjerao and Prakasarao (2018) and Shah and Mishra (2016), helps to
monitor the quality of various parameters such as CO, CO2, temperature, humidity, and
air pressure. IoT plays a major role in this model. IoT is integrated with cloud computing
for better management of dierent data sources, and it is designed with low power and
low-cost arm based minicomputer Raspberry pi. The main aim of this project is to identify
pollutants in water with the help of IoT. Ultraviolent light sensor is used along with a 2
in one temperature and PH sensor. With the help of these sensors the purity of water,
surrounding temperature, turbidity as well as acid and base levels of the water can be
monitored. This data is transferred through cloud (Jamil et al., 2015; Guanochanga et al.,
2018).
In this model a circuit is designed in such a way that it always keeps an eye on the amount
of solid and gaseous wastes emitted by vehicles, industries, and others etc., Sensors are used
to determine the level of co and co2 emitted and to determine humidity levels. Normal and
abnormal values are recorded and transmitted to the user through IoT (Saha et al., 2017).
In the study of Huang et al. (2018) a wireless gas monitoring mechanism is designed which
can detect the 3 xed toxic gases i.e., CO, CO2 and CH2O. The detected data can be
monitored by the user with the help of an android app. Through this app the levels of
these gases are known and when they exceeded a particular limit the user gets notied and
the required precautionary measures were also sending to the user. Here instead of Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth module is used which consumes low power. Also, the power consumption data
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is also transferred to the user to know the amount of power consumed along the sensor
adjustment values.
In the works of Yang et al. (2017) and Benammar et al. (2018) provide an eective algorithm
in which the pollution monitor is done by taking two dierent areas are considered i.e., a
2-D space like footpath and a 3-D space like a room inside a building. Sensors are used to
determine the level of toxic impurities, when hardware is implemented and based on results
the precautionary measures was taken. This is highly accurate method and consumes low
power to a great extent, but only drawback is that the design of algorithm is a time taking
process.
Marques, Ferreira, and Pitarma (2019) and Ahmed, Banu, and Paul (2017) discuss about
SHE management system. SHE means Safety, Health and Environment management
system. SHE is designed based on ZigBee wireless sensor network. It mainly focuses on
Industrial sites. It contains a sensing network, router network and a monitoring network.
It can measure various parameters and gas concentration. Any gas exceeding a particular
limit this system warns the user and inform to take immediate precautionary measures.
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. WIRELESS INSPECTION AND NOTIFICATION (WINS) THROUGH IOT
This project proposes Wireless Inspection and Notication System (WINS) through the
concept of internet of things (IoT) as shown in Figure 1. By implementing the system, it
is possible to identify the harmful gases that present in the environment. In this system, it
uses GPRS based technology as a low cost and smart wireless communication method is
adopted to collect and transmit the information about the harmful gases. WINS systems
monitor the pollution and update it to web server so that the user can monitor anywhere
through internet. The collected information will be stored for future purposes.
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POWER SUPPLY
LCD
GPRS
BUZZER
Temperature Sensor
(LM35)
MQ7 (Co) Sensor
MQ135 Gas Sensor
ARDUINO UNO
AT89S52
Figure 1. Block Diagram.
Source: own elaboration.
The main concept of this system is to identify the gas with the use of MQ135 and MQ6 gas
sensors. The MQ135 sensor can sense NH3, NOx, Alcohol, Benzene, Smoke, and CO2.
When the components are connected in an Arduino, it will sense all gases and it provides
the gaseous level in PPM (Parts per Million). The output of the gas level is converted with
respect to PPM, uses a library function of MQ135 and MQ7 gas sensor. The air quality safe
level is 350PPM. If the value of air quality level exceeds 1000PPM, it leads to sleepiness,
headache, and stuy air. If the value increases beyond 2000PPM it leads to increased heart
rate and other diseases. If the value is less than 1000PPM, then the LCD and Web page
will display “Fresh air”. When the value will be more than 1000PPM, then Buzzer will give
beep sound and the LCD display shown the air level like “Poor Air, and the web page screen
like Open Windows”. When the gas level is increases above 2000PPM the buzzer will keep
giving beep sound and it gives alert message in smart phone through GPS Module. The
LCD and Web page will display “Harmful Air, go to Fresh Air”.
Temperature sensor (LM35):
The LM35 series are precision integrated circuit. This sensor is used to detect the amount
of temperature that present in the surroundings. It provides the output in centigrade, and
it displays the output on LCD.
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MQ7(CO):
It is a sensor which is used to detect the harmful gases like CO and CO2 and provides the
output values on LCD.
MQ135 Gas sensor:
The MQ135 sensor can sense NH3, Alcohol, Benzene, Smoke, CO2. When these
components are connected to Arduino then it will sense all gases and it provides the gaseous
level in PPM.
Arduino Uno At89s52:
Arduino board is used to boot the program from ROM memory, and it will wait for the
sensor data. And it converts an analog data to the digital using ADC converter. If the sensor
data is beyond the critical value alert a message will be send to the IOT web page.
LCD:
It is electrically modulated optical device that uses the light modulating properties of liquid
crystal. It is used to display the threshold values of harmful gases like co2 and co. it also
indicates gases values in PPM.
GPRS:
GPRS provides data rates of 56 – 144K bits/second and has a moderate speed data
transform. This system is an integrated part of GSM network switching sub system. This
component is used for long distance communication. With the use of this component the
user can be able to monitor the gases values from longer distances with the use of web page.
BUZZER:
Buzzer is an audio signaling device. It is used to provide the alert message like buzzing or
beeping sound when the harmful gases are emitted in the atmosphere.
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4. RESULTS
Hardware implementation of an air pollution monitoring system output as shown in
Figure 2. The above gure shows the result that it contains the level of CO2 and shows the
temperature value. Whenever the sensors used in the system, it is used to detect the gases
that present in the atmosphere. If there is a gas, proposed method gives an alarm sound
with the help of buzzer. This alarm sound will be considered as an alert message to take the
preventive measures.
Figure 2. Output of Air Pollution Monitoring System.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 3. Result of webpage.
Source: own elaboration.
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In this project GPRS module is used. Figure 3. shows that the temperature value and the
status of the gas has been displayed using web page.
5. CONCLUSIONS
This work proposed Wireless Inspection and Notication (Wins) through IOT. It is used
to monitor the air pollution using Arduino UNO board and GPRS module using IoT
technology. This technology is used to monitor the quality of an air. Here MQ7 and
MQ135 sensors used to sense the various types of dangerous gases. GPRS module is used
to monitor the gas concentration from longer distances, and it connects entire process to
internet. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used to display the gaseous values. By using of
buzzer, the user can get the alert message. This alert message is used to take the preventive
measures by the user. This proposed system will be useful for society.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank International Research Center of Kalasalingam Academy of Research
and Education for providing nancial assistance under the scheme of University Research
Fellowship(URF) and we also thank the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering of Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, India for permitting
to use the computational facilities available in Signal Processing and VLSI Design which
was setup with the support of the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
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