3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue

Noviembre 2021

LOW-COST NON-INVASIVE SMART BED SYSTEM USING

MEDICAL DEVICES EMBEDDED WITH IOT

M. Sakthimohan

Assistant Professor, ECE, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education,

Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil, (India).

E-mail: sakthimohan.m@klu.ac.in

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8151-4745

G. Elizabeth Rani

Assistant Professor, CSE, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education,

Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil, (India).

E-mail: g.elizabeth@klu.ac.in

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-2109

J. Deny

Assistant Professor, ECE, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education,

Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil, (India).

E-mail: j.deny@klu.ac.in

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-3575

S. N. Susmitha

Student, ECE, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education,

Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil, (India).

E-mail: sushmashahnaz20@gmail.com

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-4789

S. Sobiya

tudent, ECE, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education,

Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil, (India).

E-mail: sobiyasanthanam@gmail.com

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-4459

Recepción:

16/10/2019

Aceptación:

28/09/2020

Publicación:

30/11/2021

Citación sugerida:

Sakthimohan, M., Rani, G. E., Deny, J., Susmitha, S. N., y Sobiya, S. (2021). Low-cost non-invasive

smart bed system using medical devices embedded with IoT. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas

a la pyme, Edición Especial, (noviembre, 2021), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2021.

specialissue8.41-51

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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue

Noviembre 2021

ABSTRACT

Now a days, advances in information and communication technology have prompted the

rise of internet of things (IOT). In the modern era, the usage of IOT technologies brings

the physician and doctor to monitor the health condition of the patient even in remote and

rural areas can be examined and consulted by doctors worldwide where the database of the

patient is uploaded in sub-server and sends to government website using android technology

.In this paper, dierent kinds of sensor modules and controller are used to monitor the

health parameter of patient includes heart rate, temperature, pulse rate respectively and

the measured parameter can be transmitted to the microcontroller sequentially. From the

measured value blood oxygen level, carbon dioxide level, hemoglobin, stress, and glucose

level ow can be derived, the main aim of the project is to access the individual health

condition of the patient by the doctor anywhere in the world. The death rate because of

these kind of simple health problems will be reduced and the convenience for treatment

time alert is invented, the remote health monitoring system with the help of internet of

things (IOT) which has the portable features.

KEYWORDS

Sensors, Micro-Controller, Wi-Fi module, IOT, NON-Invasive method.

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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue

Noviembre 2021

1. INTRODUCTION

Health monitoring plays a key role in our day-to-day life based on this criterion; it is technically

called as tele-medicine. Which will clearly focus on the patients’ health monitoring system

by forming an instrument with various type of sensors and equipment’s which will receive

and sends the data to the database in the mode of wireless communication to the desired

professional who wants to monitor the patient, the key idea is to concentrate on metabolic

disorder called diabetes (Jin et al., 2017). Where regular checking of blood glucose is needed

keeping this concept, we have planned to design a device which can monitor the patient’s

health regularly to have a clear record on the patient’s status of health. Based on the types

of diabetes namely diabetes I and diabetes II where both are chronic diseases which aects

the way your body regulate the blood sugar. The clinical records are studied as normal

level (<100 mg/dl), prediabetes (100-125 mg/dl), diabetes (>126 mg/dl) and death (>700

mg/dl) so according to this data’s this project is designed based on the above listed values

as the triggering peaks when it is recorded. This project aims for design and authenticate

the system that automatically informs the relative personnel about their healthiness of

an elderly person, if the person’s pulse rate, temperature and other related parameters

drops below or rise beyond a threshold level. So, the main moto of this work is making

wireless and to make that as remote access. These techniques are referred in the domain of

bioinstrumentation, computer, and telecommunication (Quaiyum et al., 2017).

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The main goal is to design an instrument which is tted to the patient as a wearable which

is also portable, technically it is named as tele-health care device this device is for mainly

monitoring the health regularly based on the records doctors can discuss the patient’s

health and recommend them for further medication steps. If the patient is discharged after

treatment and located in a remote location it is easy for them to monitor the health by their

doctor without physical presence (Sakthimohan & Deny, 2021). Main sensors in this device

constitutes near infra-red ray, which is used to attain the absorption co-ecient from the

blood to achieve the glucose level. So that it becomes the non-invasive method of glucose

monitoring system. Where near infra-red ray method plays a major role in it (Yu et al.,

2017). Optimum insulin dosage should be monitored because of the abrupt changes in

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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue

Noviembre 2021

blood glucose levels so for this kind of uctuations are monitored by using this instrument.

The calibrated values are of approximates the near and far recordings by mean square

values, so that the design constitutes all the values by the physical attributes and processes

the data’s according to the user denes functions (Sakthimohan & Deny, 2020a). Therefore,

the devices involved according to this proposed design is Arduino mega board, pulse

sensor, temperature sensor, respiratory sensor and ngerprint sensor as an input device,

Whereas the output devices are LCD, Wi-Fi module and some smart devices like computer

or smart phones. The statistical analysis of this paper is to increase the benet by 20% of

the total population. In depth study about what sensors to be used for this non-invasive

blood glucose monitoring system is carried out by evaluating the individual process taken

by each sensor (Martinez, 2002). Pulse sensor which will nd the bpm and stores the value,

next the temperature sensor and the respiratory sensor will check the patients thermal and

blood pressure rate indirectly by using mathematical model in code, whereas the ngerprint

sensor calculates the absorption coecient of blood glucose level, by cumulating all the

obtained. Values the blood glucose level (Sakthimohan & Deny, 2020b).

PULSE AND

GLUCOSE

MODULE

TEMPERATURE

SENSOR

LCD

WIFI MODULEIOT

RESPIRATORY

SENSOR

ARDUINO UNO

Figure 1. Block Diagram.

Source: own elaboration.

Figure 1 describes the last part in this system is IOT database implementation method

which follows the data framing method to indicate the past and present inputs and the

average values are determined by the slope which gives the parameter’s Range of glucose

and stress.

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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue

Noviembre 2021

2.1. INPUTS & OUTPUTS BY ANALYZING THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS

The system design is framed by three sectors micro-controller, sensors and actuators and

communication device. Micro-controller used here is Arduino mega board, where the

input ports are connected with sensors and actuators like pulse sensor, temperature sensor,

respiratory sensor and ngerprint sensor (Raikham et al., 2018). The output ports are

connected with Wi-Fi module, LCD display and smart phone.

2.2. NON-INVASIVE HEALTH MONITORING

Comparing to other health monitoring system our proposed Non-Invasive help us to

monitor health with the help of sensor (Sakthimohan et al., 2020). In existing system, we

need to take blood of human beings after that measurement to be taken but our proposed

system no need to take much more risk in humans. Our sensor predicts the health of human

beings (Harbouche et al., 2017).

3. DESIGN SPECIFICATION

The description of the block diagram consists of two major components. Heartbeat sensor

and temperature sensor which constitutes a couple of parameters which incorporates

the trigger values based on the modes classied as babies, children, and adults where the

average values for these three categories are 72, 90 and 120 respectively. Whenever there is

bradycardia (low heartbeat level) or tachycardia (higher heartbeat level) the system responds

to it and calls the function which will alert (or) records the value as per the unit beats per

minutes (bpm) similarly the system also responds to temperature level by getting the amount

of body temperature corresponding to maximum peak le (36-37.8c).

Respiratory criteria are also concerned in this process.

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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue

Noviembre 2021

MICRO-

CONTROLLERS AND

SENSORS (ON)

COLLECTING

THE VALUES

FROM THE

SENSORS

MICRO-CONTROLLER

EVALUATES THE

VALUES FROM SENSOR

Data not sufficient

Data sufficient

DISPLAY IN LCD AND

TRANSMIT DATA BY

WI-FI MODULE

REPEAT FROM THE

FIRST

UPLOAD THE DATA

IN SERVER (IOT)

STOP AND DELAY

FOR USER

DEFIENED TIME

Figure 2. Flow Chart.

Source: own elaboration.

Figure 2 shows that Micro controller (Arduino mega board) is connected with sensors and

other communication devices where pulse sensor, temperature sensor, respiratory sensor

and ngerprint sensor are the input devices to the micro-controller the physical quantities

like heat, pressure and radiation gets the values of each parameters and gives them to the

Arduino mega board , which processes the given data and indicated the blood glucose level

the nal process after the inputs is to calibrate the level of inputs and display them in the

output section where we use LCD (16*2) for on-board indication of results and for remote

access using Wi-Fi module we integrate it with the IOT platform which sends the data’s

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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue

Noviembre 2021

to the devices like smart phones (or) computers. So, this system works on the basis of data

recording and analysis of peak values which gives the output data to the corresponding

devices.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1 describes using the components which makes the combinational work of calculating

the blood carbon dioxide, oxygen, stress level, infra-red ray absorption coecient factor

and temperature the calculation are made, and the results are uploaded to the database

using the IOT platform, so that previously the range of values are made to be recorded,

like low, medium and high. Whereas the monitoring system triggers output to be displayed

in the interface by wireless data transfer using wi- module. Where various parameters

like blood glucose level, blood oxygen level, and temperature and pulse rate are tabulated

according to the various ranges attained from the patient. So, these values are uploaded to

the processor in order to check the low, normal and high-risk level.

Table 1. Results.

Parameters Case 1: (Low) Case 2: (Normal) Case 3: (High)

Blood Glucose Level 62mg/dl 120mg/dl 232mg/dl

Blood Oxygen Level 89% <O2 92% O2 100% >CO2

Temperature 92 98.4 102

Pulse Rate 72(bpm) 90(bpm) 120(bpm)

Source: own elaboration.

4.1. FUTURE SCOPE

Using these ideas from the project in the fore coming days further enhancement can be

done by the following ideas.

• To implement remote viral fever recording system.

• To reduce size and optimize the code which will minimize the processing time.

• Also, to use this device for industrial and commercial purpose

• To introduce more parameters and alerting system.

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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue

Noviembre 2021

5. CONCLUSIONS

Our proposed work helps human beings in measuring health monitor systems. Using

Respiratory and Temperature sensor by sensing the human’s health was monitored.

The components which make the combinational work of calculating the blood carbon

dioxide, oxygen, stress level, infra-red ray absorption coecient factor and temperature the

calculations are made and the results are uploaded to the database using the IOT platform,

so that previously the range of values are made to be recorded, like low, medium and high.

Whereas the monitoring system triggers output to be displayed in the interface by wireless

data transfer using Wi-Fi module. Without taking blood from human being can monitor

glucose, blood oxygen level. Our proposed device helps human beings in multiple manner.

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