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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
Noviembre 2021
A COMPACT ULTRA-WIDE BAND PATCH ANTENNA
USING DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE
Mekala Harinath Reddy
MSc Student, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester. Leicester, (United Kingdom).
E-mail: harinath.m1995@gmail.com.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-5421
D. Sheela
Professor, Department of ECE, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, (India).
E-mail: dsheelatagorerandd@gmail.com.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-3922
Recepción:
28/11/2019
Aceptación:
14/10/2020
Publicación:
30/11/2021
Citación sugerida:
Reddy, M. H., y Sheela, D. (2021). A compact ultra-wide band patch antenna using defected ground
structure. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme, Edición Especial, (noviembre, 2021), 567-
577. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2021.specialissue8.567-577
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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
Noviembre 2021
ABSTRACT
Microstrip patch antennas are by and large broadly utilized in the majority of the
wireless communication systems because of its lightweight, minimal eort and simplicity
of establishment, so they assume an overwhelming job in the advanced communication
systems. In this paper, we propose a reduced patch antenna for ultra-wide band applications.
The proposed patch antenna design resonates between 2.26 GHz to 9.55 GHz. To
accomplish ultra-wide band a defected ground is used in the proposed design. Throughout
the resonating wide band, the minimum reected power obtained is -49 dB at 5.8 GHz
which is a ISM band and the VSWR is below 2. The obtained gain is greater than 3dB
thought out the band and the highest gain is obtained at 9.5 GHz i.e., 5.7 dB. Also, the
proposed design has good radiation characteristics both at azimuthal plane and elevation
plane. HFSS software is used for simulating the design.
KEYWORDS
Bandwidth, Defected Ground, Reected Power, Ultra-Wide Band, VSWR.
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Noviembre 2021
1. INTRODUCTION
In ongoing remote communication systems high information rate have turned into a basic
prerequisite. Channel assignment for enormous measure of information transmission
utilizing low recurrence groups has almost incomprehensible. To conquer this disadvantage
research is being directed to utilize high frequency bands namely UWB. Now a days due to
low cost, small size and high data rate features ultra-wide band (UWB) antennas have pulled
in much consideration among researchers. For unlicensed ultra-wide band applications, the
federal commission has allotted 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. There are many ways of obtaining
ultra-wideband; use of slotting technique is one among the mostly used design technique
for the UWB achievement. But apart from slotting technique use of Defected Ground
Structure (DGS) technique is one of the recent and ecient ways of obtaining UWB.
In this article, we portray a microstrip patch antenna design for UWB applications by utilizing
a method called Defected Ground Structure (DGS). Simplied form of electromagnetic
band gap structure can be regarded as DGS. The name DGS means simply “defect” that
has been placed on the ground. Slot in the ground metal is basic element of DGS. DGS was
rst proposed by Kim and Park. In depicting a solitary unit of dumbbell-shaped deformity
he utilized the term 'DGS. In 2005 to improve radiation characteristics, the DGS was
directly integrated with microstrip resonator. Due to its easy implementation and compact
nature DGS is being used in dierent applications. Among antenna engineers, this popular
technique has grown immensely.
2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The antenna is intended for ultra-wide band applications. The proposed antenna
conguration is shown in the Figure 1 and top and base view is shown in Figure 2. Here,
rectangular patch is the emanating element, which is printed on a substrate with relative
permittivity 2.2. The thickness used for the substrate is 1.6mm. Excitation is done using
lumped port of 50 ohms impedance and the type of feed that is used is inset feed. The
dimensions that are used are listed in Table 1.
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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
Noviembre 2021
Figure 1. Proposed antenna design.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 2. (a) Top side view, (b) base side view of proposed design.
Source: own elaboration.
(a)
(b)
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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
Noviembre 2021
In the proposed design defected ground is nothing but the slot. A rectangular slot defect is
introduced on the ground with the dimensions (Ldg x Wdg) as mentioned in the Table 1.
Along with this slot another rectangular slot with the dimensions (Ld x Wd) is loaded exactly
straight to the transmission line on the ground. These two slots are united together which
together acts as defected ground structure. To calculate the proposed design dimensions,
design equations have been taken from Matin (2008).
Table 1. Dimensions of proposed antenna design.
PARAMETERS VALUES (mm) PARAMETERS VALUES (mm)
Ls 18 Wc 3
Ws 15 Lst 3
h 1.6 Wst 2.5
L 13 Ldg 12
W 10 Wdg 9
Lf 4 Ld 3
Wf 2 Wd 3
Source: own elaboration.
3. SIMULATION RESULTS
The design is implemented and simulated using HFFS 13. The parameters like reection
coecient, VSWR, Bandwidth, radiation pattern and Gain are considered for the proposed
antenna. The return loss S11 of the proposed antenna is shown in Figure 3. The resonance
band 2.26 GHZ-9.55 GHz is obtained in the simulation with a minimum return loss of –49
dB at 5.8 GHz. It is noted that with the use of defect on the ground ultra-wide band has
been obtained and the obtained bandwidth is 7.29 GHz.
Figure 3. Return loss S11 of proposed design.
Source: own elaboration.
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Noviembre 2021
For any antenna VSWR is the most signicant consideration. Practically the VSWR for
every antenna should be less than 2 and when its value is equal to 1 then there would be a
100 percent perfect impedance matching between patch and the feed line. The VSWR plot
is shown in the gure 4 and its value is found to be below 2 throughout the resonance band.
Figure 4. VSWR Plot.
Source: own elaboration.
Gain is the most important considerations in antenna because they describe the direction
capabilities. It represents the antenna’s radiation characteristics. For the proposed design,
gain plots at various frequencies are shown in Figure 5.
(a)
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Noviembre 2021
(b)
Figure 5. Gain at (a) 2.4 GHz, (b) 5.8 GHz and (c) 9.5 GHz.
Source: own elaboration.
From the gain simulation results, it tends to be seen that the gain at the frequencies 9.5
GHz, 5.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz is gotten to be 3.9 dB, 3.6 dB and 5.78 dB.
The radiation pattern of the wide band antenna is appeared in Fig 6 at various frequencies9.5
GHz, 5.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz. From the gure it is seen that antenna has unidirectional
radiation pattern at E-plane (phi= 0 deg) and bidirectional radiation pattern at H- Plane
(phi= 90 deg) at all the frequencies.
(c)
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Noviembre 2021
Figure 6. Radiation Pattern (a) 2.4 GHz, (b) 5.8 GHz and (c) 9.5 GHz.
Source: own elaboration.
4. CONCLUSIONS
A minimized design using absconded ground structure is proposed for ultra-wide band
applications and the deformity that is used on the ground is rectangular slot. The proposed
antenna shows great UWB qualities with its outcomes resonating between 2.26GHz and
9.55 GHz and VSWR less than 2. The antenna has omnidirectional radiation pattern
at E-Plane and bidirectional radiation pattern at H-Plane. This study has been made on
designing a compact UWB antenna with enhanced performance. This antenna can be
utilized in commercial wide band applications and UWB systems. Moreover, the antenna is
of a very compact in size, which can be easily installed in portable devices.
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