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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
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AUTOMATIC DIM AND DIP SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE
P. Manikandan
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: maanip85@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5737-0235
P. Sivakumar
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, (India).
E-mail: sivapothi@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1328-8093
G. Kumar Sai Reddy
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: kumarsai.gk@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-907X
M. Charan Teja Vyas
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: charantej45@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-9291
Ch. Haveesh Kumar
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), (India).
E-mail: haveeshreddy1997@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-4025
Recepción: 28/11/2019 Aceptación: 04/03/2021 Publicación: 30/11/2021
Citación sugerida:
Manikandan, P., Sivakumar, P., Reddy, G. K. S., Vyas, M. C. T., y Kumar, Ch. H. (2021). Automatic
DIM and DIP system for vehicle. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme, Edición Especial,
(noviembre, 2021), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2021.specialissue8.459-469
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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
Noviembre 2021
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the design of “automatic light dim and dip system”. In existing system,
vehicles dim, and dip is done by man(or)manually. It is important for journey during
nighttime. Our strategy involves design, development and creating this automatic light
dim and dip system. Most of the vehicle riders use elevated, bright beam during night
driving. This leads the individual traveling in the opposite direction to be uncomfortable
and accidents to be occurred in most of the cases. The automatic vehicle headlight dim
and dip system adjust the intensity beam when nds the vehicles in opposite direction. It
utilizes a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor was intended to dim the headlight of
cars automatically to prevent the impacts of human eyes. It eliminates the driver's need
from manual switching which was not done all time. Also, this system helps to reduce the
accidents rate in nighttime due to the high beam headlight.
KEYWORDS
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Dim and Dip, Headlight, Vehicle, Source, High beam,
Low beam.
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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
Noviembre 2021
1. INTRODUCTION
The requirement of headlights during night travel, are very prevalent. The human eye is
an organ that is very delicate. Without any rest, it operates almost a whole day. With the
increase in brightness headlight that typically oers the driver with better night vision. It
is also accountable for many crashes that are caused. The driver has the headlight control
that can be switched from elevated (bright) to low (dim) beam. The headlight must be set
by the driver according to the light requirement. But there are It improves the pressure
to concentrate on an item. The prototype intended to decrease this issue by shifting the
bright headlight of our vehicle to low beam automatically. when it senses a vehicle coming
carefully from other direction. The entire working of switching takes place.
Figure 1. Impacts of High beam head lights during driving.
Source: own elaboration.
Most drivers do not use manual dipper control because manual switching is hundreds of
times during riding at night. Another reason is that instead of dipping the head light beam
(Guttman, 2003). The driver likes to be more careful. Another cause is the problem of ego,
which leads everyone to wait until the other person starts to dip which may not occur.
Figure 2. Low Beam and High beam distance.
Source: own elaboration.
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Noviembre 2021
2. METHODOLOGY
The vehicle 2 senses the high beam of vehicle 1 with the help of the Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR) sensors that converts the light intensity into electrical signal. Designing a
circuit is very simple, and this is one of the best ways to approach the prototype in distinct
view.
Figure 3. Prototype of Dip and Dim System.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 4. Circuit Design.
Source: own elaboration.
3. CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
3.1. 555 TIMER
The 555 timer IC is this system's primary control and is known primarily for producing
stable delays in time. Monostable mode is used here for this scheme to develop the timing
logic. It is a dual-in-package (DIP) 8-pin IC.
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Noviembre 2021
Figure 5. IC 555 TIMER.
Source: own elaboration.
There is no single agreement on architecture for IoT, which is accepted universally. Dierent
architecture has been proposed by several researchers. There are two main architectures,
they are: Three layer and Five-layer architecture. Among these, three-layer architecture
is more basic one which has perception layer, network layer and application layer. This
Perception layer is commonly known as Physical layer. In which, it has sensors for sensing
the information and gathering it related to the application environment. In other-words,
the sensors will sense some physical parameters. The network layer is responsible for
connecting to smart devices (Single board computers) as a gateway. It adds the features,
that it can transmits the data and process the data from the sensors in the physical layer.
The nal layer will be the Application layer, in this layer it delivers the application explicit
administrations to the client (users). Three-layer architecture has been overcome by the ve-
layer architecture since it focuses on only few aspects of Internet of Things (IoT).
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Noviembre 2021
3.2. LDR (LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR)
It is also called a photo resistor. A photo resistor is a variable resistor that is light controlled.
A photo resistor's strength reduces as incident light intensity increases. It plays a signicant
part in our project. It will detect the light from the opposite direction. Then, by raising the
light intensity from the opposite car, the picture resistance will be reduced. Working LDR
Principle. This resistor operates on the picture conductivity principle. It's nothing but when
the light drops on its surface, the conductivity of the material decreases and the electrons in
the device's valence band are thrilled to the conductive band as well. The LDR's strength
improves when the light level reduces. As this resistance rises over the other resistor, which
has a xed resistance, it also raises the voltage dropped across the LDR.
Figure 6. LDR.
Source: own elaboration.
3.3. BATTERY SOURCE
Figure 7. Battery.
Source: own elaboration.
This system utilizes 9V supply that is drawn straight from the battery of the car already
present in each car. It oers steady DC supply and safe operation of the system vehicle
battery Supply and no external elements are required.
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Noviembre 2021
4. OPERATING PRINCIPLE AND WORKING
It provides the clear concept of the dipper control scheme from the block diagram shown in
automatic mode, as the LDR resistance changes with the intensity of light, LDR senses the
headlight of the approaching vehicle. The voltage was supplied to the 555-timer control IC
becomes high or low because of the shift in intensity. The output shifts its state to high or low
in dark and output of 555 IC shift based on trigger and threshold condition. The headlight
beam shifts from dipper to upper beam. This scheme utilizes the 555-timer application's
monostable mode to display the output waveform of monostable mode that provides the
time limit T after the small input pulse applied to 555 IC.
Figure 8. Timing diagram.
Source: own elaboration.
Automatic mode comprises of light-dependent resistance (LDR), 555 IC, relay and a few
other elements as shown in Normally, elevated in darkness (20 kb) and low in brightness
(2 kb) LDR resistance. VR and LDR function as a prospective splitter and VR are used
for potential divider output voltage control resulting in LDR time and intensity control
changes. Internal structure of 555 IC, in which three 5 k resistors function as a voltage
divider and supply 2⁄3 Vcc to comparator 1 and 1⁄3 Vcc to comparator 2, where Vcc is the
supply. The timing interval is given by these two voltages.
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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
Noviembre 2021
Figure 9. Internal Circuit diagram of IC555 Timer.
Source: own elaboration.
Drops on the LDR, the resistance of the LDR decreases and the voltage immediately
adjusted to the limit and the trigger pin shortens to the oor. As a result, an adverse voltage
will activate the pin, which will be set by comparator 2 at 1⁄3 Vcc. If this voltage is equivalent
to 1⁄3 Vcc, the output of the comparator 2 is large and the output of the comparator 1 is
not equivalent to 2⁄3 Vcc. It lays FF at S=1, R=0 and FF output is Q=1, == 0, this output
is reversed by the inverter current at pin 3, resulting in an elevated output of 555 IC. This
situation remains until the light continually drops on LDR, which implies that the light
beam of the car still falls on the LDR sensor. The LDR detector goes into darkness once
the approaching car passes away. LDR resistance is increased and voltage shortened owing
to low LDR resistance is retrieved and provided to 555 IC threshold and trigger pins. As
a result, the positive voltage will be a threshold pin set by comparator at 2⁄3 Vcc 1. If the
voltage is equivalent to 2⁄3 Vcc, the output of the comparator 1 is large and the output of
the comparator 2 is not equivalent to 1⁄3 Vcc.
5. RESULTS
The circuit had been designed to be a working model. Until the vehicle is encountered by
an opposite vehicle, it can travel with high beam. Once it encounters an opposite vehicle,
each of the two vehicles senses the opposite vehicle’s light. Thus, if either of the vehicles
are using high beam, it switches to low beam. If the headlight is already in low beam, then
no change occurs. As the vehicles cross each other, the intensity of light falling on the sensor
decreases and the headlights switch back to their original mode. There might be a question
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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254 – 4143 Edición Especial Special Issue
Noviembre 2021
of other sources of light in the road like sign boards, street lights and buildings. But as LDR
is used as the source and the placement of the device is highly directional, it is not aected
by any other light sources which might be present in the vicinity.
Figure 10. Prototype Results.
Source: own elaboration.
6. CONCLUSIONS
Automatic dipper oers better nighttime safety and drivers can comfortably drive and
securely achieve their destination. While driving in the towns, light is everywhere that can
inuence the functioning of the device at that moment, the mode can switch to manual
mode to prevent headlight ickering. When the "Automatic Dipper" was installed in both
vehicles, the vehicles dipped. Eectively each other's headlight beam. Main components are
easy to use accessible and inexpensive to operate the circuit. The circuit is compatible with
any car and requires no other supply; it can operate eectively on the vehicle-tted battery.
The installation of this safety scheme in each car therefore provides safety during night
driving, increases driver convenience and reduces road accidents.
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Aishwarya, S. (2006). Bright Headlights: A Maj or Cause of Accidents. The Hindu.
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Gayakwad, R. A. (2009). Op-Amps &Linear Integrated Circuits (4th ed.). PHI Learning
Private Limited, 400-405.
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Noviembre 2021
Guttman, C. (2003). High Intensity Head lights could cause road accidents by dazzling on coming
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