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SMART PARKING ASSISTANCE USING IOT
P. Naveen
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Kalasalingam Academy of
Research and Education Krishnankoil, (India).
E-mail: naveenamp88@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-2557
Sivakumar Pothiraj
Professor, Department of ECE, Kalasalingam Academy of
Research and Education Krishnankoil, (India).
E-mail: sivapothi@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1328-8093
Recepción: 28/11/2019 Aceptación: 26/01/2021 Publicación: 30/11/2021
Citación sugerida:
Naveen, P., y Pothiraj, S. (2021). Smart parking assistance using IoT. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación
aplicadas a la pyme, Edición Especial, (noviembre, 2021), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2021.
specialissue8.355-369
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ABSTRACT
There are problems all over the world like the branches of a banyan tree. Population
expansion and rapid urbanization in metro cities is also reducing parking space with the
increasing ownership rate of vehicles and the amount of trac congestion. Finding empty
parking space in a congested area, especially during peak hours, is an important task for
drivers. When people go to business areas, the need for parking is a major issue. This
makes it more prone to collisions due to increased fuel consumption, air pollution, stressed
motorists and the inability to accurately predict travel time and tightly packed space. The
popular principle of “time money” is considered in areas where drivers are forced to waste
time circling for the ideal place to park their vehicles. The scheme also mentions the smart
parking system of vehicles along with the reservation mode provided to the customers to
book the parking slot through IoT (Internet of Things). This saves fuel and time during
heavy trac. It can be used in shopping malls, airports, hospitals and more.
KEYWORDS
Smart Parking System, IoT, Reservation of free parking space.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Altogether, there are 7.6 billion residents in the world, of which about 1.2 billion have their
own vehicles parked on the road. As the population grows, so does the demand for vehicles.
The need for trac intensity relates both area and employment to a city and the growing
size of the city.
Trac congestion on the roads causes a lot of accidents. Only a fraction of the total
trac accidents on the roads have occurred primarily for individuals in 15-44 years of life,
which is the nal creative purchase year for individuals. Most often, poor people with low
backgrounds die in road accidents, with nearly one per cent of the 61 people dened as
‘take the money to cover the cost of supporting their losses’. According to the World Bank
codication, road accidents are estimated to be 1-2 per cent of the GDP of developing
countries, or it can be estimated to be more than double the total amount of prosperous aid
received by these growing countries worldwide.
Parking is a basic component of a transportation system. Cities and transportation are
rich from early human settlements and popular areas have high trac congestion. This is
because travel time is too long and the socio-economic life of the residents is aected by
the high loss of fuel consumption, which rapidly increases the amount of carbon in the
atmosphere and environmental problems such as pollution. Improper turns are made just
as safely as stopping by drivers, not caring about those around the area. Driving too fast in
highly congested areas creates conicts between people. Whether passing another car in a
rage or for fun, these road explosions cause many unwanted car accidents every year. These
bad attitudes can be avoided if an organization maneuvers to help drivers nd an empty
parking slot when they need it.
This paper wants to bring out the smart parking system:
1) Aiming to detect and reduce work for drivers looking for empty parking space.
2) Reduce trac congestion.
3) Must be the best way to nd vacant parking space.
4) Avoid accidents caused by trac.
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The Arduino board is used to identify whether the slot is booked or the car is parked. An
online booking application has been developed to pre-book the empty slot in a specic
location before they arrive. Once the slot is booked, the slot is registered under the vehicle
number. The registered vehicle is only allowed to park in that slot. Unauthorized vehicles
are not allowed inside the parking slot without proper permission. This saves time in
searching for free parking and avoids rash driving with frustrated drivers who park their
vehicle especially on weekends and holidays.
2. RELATED WORKS
Currently, many research missions have an excellent parking management in favor of the
concept of wireless sensor networks to detect parking information of free spaces.
Tomar, Kaur, and Singh, (2018), explained about the IoT based parking system. An SMS
with a personal ID is sent to the customer via the main station, at which time the sensor
senses the vehicle entering the reference area. The station will collect information from
these centers and display the ID on the display board of the residential area. The path
to the free space is appropriately located and will be displayed on the LED screen at the
entrance to the available slot road. This system generates an identication number (ID)
when the driver approaches the lane to park their vehicle. This ID is a combination of (a)
the free parking slot, (b) the last two digits of the vehicle (car) registration number and (c)
the last two digits of the occupant's residence number. When a resident sends feet into the
area with this unique ID, it mechanically helps the person locate a parking space dedicated
to them and helps to park the car. The authority responsible for booking immediately sends
an SMS to the user while securing the parking space. The sta in charge of the parking area
nd the tenant by scanning the unique code in the parking slot through IoT.
Jangid, Verma, and Shankar (2018) discussed the smart private parking solution. The
methodology of this study is to (i) detect video on video through the “playback-subtraction
method” and (ii) pre-processing methods used to disrupt the noise in the video-image. The
moving vehicle is monitored by manipulating the “Gaussian compound model” and a front
mask is designed in this process. A snapshot is drawn in order to identify the car’s number
plate and explored in the number database on the tray to legalize the vehicle for entry into
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the parking slot. To calculate them the vehicle is dierentiated into ‘cars’ and ‘bikes’ and the
driver is taken to the available parking slot.
Stornelli et al. (2018) explains how to locate a vehicle using wireless networks. When the
sensor detects the vehicle the output frequency changes according to the deviation. These
modications are cross-view through the digital interface, which includes (a) microcontroller
and (b) fast analog-to-digital converter. The all-encompassing role of the system is controlled
by the growing energy-saving mechanism; In view of the need to allocate tracking time
as well as the function of parked parking time. Data from the sensor is transmitted by a
Bluetooth Low Energy (PLE) transmitter to any Bluetooth Low Energy (PLE) device and
data server in the nearby atmosphere.
Jyothish et al. (2018) nds Raspberry Pi a system linked to a website that updates the status of
parking spaces. Here, the sensors used are ultrasonic sensors. These sensors help to identify
the empty slot by calculating the distance by measurement. These predictions of distance
predict whether the slot is empty or booked. All of this information has been updated on
the website, which was launched using a local-host. Information about the parking space is
collected from the database and displayed on the website under the column assigned to the
status. The website has been upgraded under the reload task.
In the work of Owayjan et al. (2017), the user manages the parking access system, which
he / she will automatically connect to the parking network, establishing the connection
between the client mobile and the mall / central network. When the customer enters the
parking lot, a map showing the empty and full space on this oor will appear on his / her
mobile app so that the customer can choose one of the free places to park his car. The time
it takes for the user to park the vehicle is taken into account from the web server so as not
to change the time of the user's phone and cause problems with the system. If the customer
decides to leave, the navigation begins to show him / her the road to reach his / her car.
Hainalkar and Vanjale (2017) explains the system that uses IR sensors to sense the presence
of a car in a car park. The system uses two Android applications for the driver and the
trac police, respectively. When the driver logs into the system, he will receive information
about the nearest parking lot, the total number of parking spaces and the number of vacant
parking spaces. When the user reaches the parking space, it will be authenticated using an
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RFID tag and then the gate will open. When the user enters the parking lot before parking
at the booked location, he or she must change the RFID tag, which will then only open at
the gate of the respective parking lot. The location of the car park will be detected by the
IR sensor and delivered in real time to the local unit. Once the car enters the parking lot,
billing will begin based on the time the car was parked.
In the work of Wang and He (2011) it is often suggested that ZigBee sensors are widely
used to constantly measure parking status for every available parking lot. Each sensor is
specically mixed with (a) 8 MHz microcontroller, (b) 8 channels A / D and (c) 250kbps
[802.15.4 wireless radio] with 2 wireless modes. This mode is connected to the contact
module via Bluetooth. Communication is connected via a sensor between the Bluetooth
module in ZigBee mode and smartphones. If the vehicle is detected in a booked parking lot,
the sensor conrms the user's identity. With smartphones, information on parking spaces
is available and the specic parking slot can be booked through the web server throughout
the area. The Bluetooth module is connected by receiving mobile phones, with the benet
of interacting with sensors when the driver is identied for verication.
In the paper of Nandyal, Sultana, & Anjum (2017), control the parking space using the
Arduino UNO. The following tasks will be performed regarding the arrival of the vehicle
in the parking area: (1) the driver stops the vehicle in the detected blank slot, (2) when
the vehicle occupies the slot, the LED is determined to ash with a certain color, and, (3)
when the slot is empty again, this LED The ED lights will turn o automatically, indicating
that the parking lot is empty and not yet occupied by another vehicle. These processes are
carried out whenever necessary.
Ling et al. (2017), in his work, have an eective parking order. The recommended
conguration uses a single camera attached to an IoT rim device to monitor the condition
of street parking spaces within its view. This system will identify the free slot with camera-
based view and this data will be stored in the AWS database.
The work by Nimble et al. (2016), proposes a smart parking system powered by number
plate authentication technology to improve a sovereign car parking system that uses a
number of vehicles to enable image processing concepts. The image of the vehicle license
plate is obtained by process and preserved in the database. It is further fragmented to
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have each and always y character on the number plate for the purpose of authentication.
The ultrasonic sensor helps detect empty parking spaces in the surrounding area. These
images of the number plate are taken into account, analyzed and considered for future
use. Correspondingly, the current parking time of the car is also recorded to calculate the
parking fee. The LCD screen displays the status as "Complete", indicating that 'there is
currently no free parking slot in this area'.
3. PROPOSED SMART PARKING SYSTEM
3.1. DC MOTOR
A direct current (DC) motor has been developed to convert electrical energy into mechanical
energy. Motor shield 4 or 6 DC motors can run in both forward and reverse directions.
Figure 1. Block diagram of IPA.
Source: own elaboration.
3.2. L293D DRIVER
The L293D is a specic type of motor that is used to drive a motor in one direction. It
controls a pair of DC motors simultaneously in any other direction. The single L293D
drive can be used to control two DC motors without any problems.
3.3. ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino UNO R3 is a control board that is completely dependent on the ATmega328.
It mainly consists of: (a) 14 digital input / output pins, (b) 6 analog inputs, (c) 16 MHz
quartz crystal, (d) USB connector. The operating voltage is 5V. Flash memory is 32KB,
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2KB of SRAM and 1KB of EEPROM. Power is provided via USB connection or external
power supply.
3.4. ULTRASONIC SENSORS
Ultrasonic sensors are used to give the distance of any object with the help of sound waves.
You can add the remote range of the device. It measures sound waves at a certain frequency
and measures the distance by listening to the sound waves returning to its wavelength.
Formula for calculating distance:
Distance= (Speed of Sound X Time taken)/2.
3.5. ARDUINO ETHERNET SHIELD
The Arduino Ethernet shield makes it easy to connect the Arduino to the Internet. It enables
sending and receiving data from around the world through an internet connection. It has
an on-board microSD slot that allows you to store data and service the website using the
Arduino board. An external SD card can be used to store a lot of information as a database.
This shield must be connected to a standard Ethernet cable (eg: CAT6 with CAT5 or RJ45
connection).
3.6. ANDROID APPLICATION
An Android app called "iBarker" is used to book empty parking spaces in commercial
areas such as shopping malls and theaters. This application has been developed in Android
Studio for use in public places. This application creates an account and saves, reserves a
blank slot and has a timer that runs when the car is parked in the slot.
Steps of application:
(i) The user creates an account or logs in directly to the account if required.
(ii) The user must select a specic interest.
(iii) If seats are vacant, it can be booked. Otherwise, the application will be updated
simultaneously each time.
(iv) Once the slot is booked, the timer level is set to zero. When the car is parked in the
slot, the timer level is activated and the rate is calculated according to the time.
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4. METHODOLOGY
The Arduino UNO board is used to control the operation and motor control of the sensors.
Motor control is used to indicate the status of the two ultrasonic sensors used.
Figure 2. Working of the smart parking system.
Source: own elaboration.
Two sensors are motor-controlled, which are used to indicate the following:
• Sl slot booked or not.
• Car Whether the car is parked or not.
Once the user logs in through the app, the user can book a free slot available wherever they
want. This is a place where you can drive without tension towards that area and have safe
and sound parking. When the slot is free, it is marked "green". When a free slot is booked
by a user, it is marked with a "yellow" color.
When the car is parked in a particular slot, it is marked as "red".
The Android application algorithm works in the following way:
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Initialize
If (login = = 1)
Get user x and y;
Read selection of RS = (City) If (City==x)
Read of Area = (Area)
If (Area==y)
Read of Area = (Area)
Write the slots current status = (Current status) Sample booking (1):
If (booking==slot number)
Write booked (slot number) && (motor control) Else
Write (slot free)
If (Vehicle==Set)
Write booked (Slot number) && (Vehicle
Parked) Else
Write (Slot free)
Write (Current status to login page)
End
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5. RESULT
Table 1. Overall hardware output.
Status of the slot Color allotted Working of motor
Slot free Green Not running
Slot booked Yellow Running in forward direction
Vehicle parked Red Running in forward and reverse direction
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 3. Vehicle is parked indicated through Red LED.
Source: own elaboration.
Figure 4. Slot booked indication through Yellow LED.
Source: own elaboration.
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Figure 5. Screenshot of “iParker” Android Application images.
Source: own elaboration.
6. CONCLUSIONS
In our paper there is a developed version of the smart parking system. The system has
implemented a smart parking system with online booking through an Android application.
This system helps to save our time in this busy world. This optimal parking system has
a computerized approach to parking issues, which eectively controls trac congestion
during peak hours during business hours. This system helps to avoid excessive trac, which
leads to lower fuel consumption and the content of CO2 in the atmosphere. Our parking
system allows us to book empty parking spaces for easy parking without creating trac.
This system reduces the rate of accidents per year due to trac.
6.1 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
For future works, we can upgrade our project through online payment. This method of
net payment is enough to rent the parking space for the time they need and use it properly.
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