TECHNOLOGIES FOR EFFECTIVE
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: A
STATE OF THE ART SURVEY OF CURRENT
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Bishwajeet Pandey
Gyancity Research Lab, India.
E-mail: gyancity@gyancity.com
Jason Levy
Gyancity Research Lab, India
E-mail: jlevy@hawaii.edu
Yousef Abubaker Mohamed Ahmed
Al-Abiary
UniSZA, Malaysia
E-mail: yousefelebiary@unisza.edu.my
Bhagwan Das
Department of Electronic Engineering,
Quaid-e-Awam University of
Engineering, Science and Technology,
Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.
E-mail: engr.bhagwandas@hotmail.com
Arifa Bhutto
Insittute of Information and
Communication Technology,
University of Sindh, Pakistan.
E-mail: arifa.bhutto@usindh.edu.pk
Arjumand Bano
Insittute of Information and
Communication Technology,
University of Sindh, Pakistan.
E-mail: arjumand@usindh.edu.pk
Recepción: 26/07/2019 Aceptación: 18/09/2019 Publicación: 06/11/2019
Citación sugerida:
Pandey, B., Levy, J., Al-Abiary, Y.A.M.A., Das, B., Bhutto, B. y Bano, A. (2019).
Technologies for eective disaster management systems: a state of the art survey of
current challenges and opportunities. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme.
Edición Especial, Noviembre 2019, 29-39. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2019.
specialissue3.29-39
Suggested citation:
Pandey, B., Levy, J., Al-Abiary, Y.A.M.A., Das, B., Bhutto, B. & Bano, A. (2019).
Technologies for eective disaster management systems: a state of the art survey of
current challenges and opportunities. 3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme.
Special Issue, November 2019, 29-39. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2019.
specialissue3.29-39
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3C Tecnología. Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme. ISSN: 2254–4143
ABSTRACT
Disasters constitute devastating phenomena that result in the large scale loss of
human life and critical infrastructure, often severely disrupting critical societal sytems
and the built environment. Robust emergency management can protect human
lives and ensure for resilient and resistant cities. Eective disaster management
systems are essential to protect human lives and to promote the development of
less brittle and vulnerable critical infrastructure systems. The use of leading edge
technologies for Eective Disaster Management systems are discussed and analyzed.
Early technologies for Disaster Management systems include Sirens, Amateur and
Community Radio, and Short Message Services (SMS). More recent approaches
inlude Satellite Radio, Information and Communication (ICT) Devices, the Internet
of Things (IoTs), Big Data and Deep Learning. The strengths and weaknesses of
possible solutions for Eective Disaster Management using Multi-Technologies are
herein discussed. Key conclusions are highlighted to promote more ecient and
eective disaster management.
KEYWORDS
Eective Disaster Management (EDM), Disaster Response, Multi-Technologies,
Internet of Things (IoTs).
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/3ctecno.2019.specialissue3.29-39
1. INTRODUCTION
A disaster is a severe disruption that often occurs in a short span of time. Natural
disasters are usually considered to constitute geological events that yield large losses
to humans, natural systems or infrastructure. These natural disasters include storms
(Hurricanes, Tornadoes, and Tropical), oods, Earthquakes, Wildres and etc. In
natural disasters, emergency decision makers and their respective response units
initiate the disaster response and recovery phases to protect lives and critical assets.
Other types of disasters are health-related, intentional and na-tech disasters. Disaster
examples can include environmental pollution crises, industrial catastrophes, wars
and terrorist attacks. The nature of the disaster must be considered in order to
provide disaster risk reduction. Disaster risk management and sustainable hazard
mitigation and resilience planning are essential. Disaster management has several
denitions, as proposed by various researchers. This work focuses on Eective Disaster
Management (EDM). EDM can be described as providing systems, technologies and
tools to thoroughly organize and manage the information from various disciplines
in order to protect human lives and critical assets and key resources. The EDM
can also be well described as Eective Disaster Response (EDR). This involves
responding to crises and supporting survivors after a disaster strikes. A wide number
of technological tools and practices of available for EDM and EDR. EDM can
oer a robust technological solution in terms of Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) and other technologies.
2. PREVIOUS WORK
There are many systems, technologies and innovations that have been proposed
recently for disaster management and in the recent past. Each disaster management
system was designed and developed to meet specic goals and criteria. The strengths
of weaknesses of these systems are now discussed below.
Spencer (2019) discusses how entertainment and leisure are related to goods and service
via ICT. ICT helps to increase provide new services, products and breakthroughs for
productivity growth. Spencer (2019) discussed the case of Caribbean Tourism based
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on ICT in order to market tourist destinations and attractions. This can be done
by updating social media and websites to include travel advisories and visitor safety
information. The information is available on social media handles using Twitter,
Facebook, and Instagram for real-time updates. Lee, Park and Lee (2019) have
proposed to study the implementation of citizens’ adoption of digital government
services.
Alazawi, Altowaijri, Mehmood and Abdljabar (2011) discussed the importance of
emergency response systems. The study notes that the impact of disasters can be
reduced by implementing the Telecommunications and ICT systems to reduce the
human losses and as well the disruption of critical infrastructure systems. This study
discusses an innovative emergency response system for disasters by capitalizing on
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) including VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc
Networks), mobile and Cloud computing technologies. In this way an intelligent
disaster management system can be proposed. The collects information from the
point of accident and generates an action plan to reduce disaster damage. In an ICT,
the disaster can be controlled via Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) as well as
by Machine to Machine Communication technologies (Drake, 2009). The author
also describes that in disaster management the Cloud Computing has emerged as an
innovative solutions in several models of business continuity planning and disaster
recovery. These ICT disaster management systems are able to collect information
from dierent locations to make appropriate decisions. Cloud computing is a
centralized system to collect and store information via server services. Users pay to
avail these services instead of using, buying and installing the software or hardware
(Chee & Franklin Jr., 2010). In the Figure 1 a disaster management architecture
based on dierent layers is put forth. This is based in part on a real-time environment
and an intelligent layer to support incident response. M2M, VANET and other
technologies are also are proposed to support disaster management.
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Figure 1. Disaster Management Architecture. Source: (Alazawi et al., 2011).
Islam, Sheikh, and Islam (2018) discussed a disaster management scheme based on a
cognitive radio ad hoc network (CRAHN). A new solution for disaster management
is provided based on a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) based disaster detection scheme.
This system proposes the use of WSN and a real-time GUI to provide shared situation
awareness to rescue survivors and enable better decision making.
Park et al. (2018) discuss an augmented reality (AR) based Smart Building and Town
Disaster Management System. It allows for rapid guidance and supports initial
response via AR. Fajardo and Oppus (2010) discussed a rescue system which was
designed using an Android application known as “MyDisasterDroid”. The system
oers the best routes for volunteers so that they can reach the disaster zone as rapidly
as possible so that the maximum number of lives can be saved. This system of disaster
management is designed and developed via a Genetic Algorithm (GA) which allows
for the optimization of the system by managing routes and volunteer information.
3. MULTITECHNOLOGY
This paper highlights the timely and important use of Multi-technologies for
providing Eective Disaster Management. The proposed innovations can help to
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reduce the impact and likelihood of disasters in order to reduce disaster losses. Based
on the information discussed above it is shown that a wide range of systems have been
proposed. It is shown that the most promising solutions include GIS, mobile system,
IoT based systems and Android-based approaches. ITU communications motivates
researchers to use ICT systems including leading edge devices, communication
systems and geospatial approaches to provide maximal safety for volunteers during a
disaster and to mitigate disaster threats (Domnori, Cabri, & Leonardi, 2011).
Figure 2. A Demonstration of Multi-Technologies for Disaster Management. Source: (Thomas, 2018).
A sophisticated communication system design is often used to address disaster
management related issues. The phases of emergency management are shown in
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Multiple Phases of Effective Disaster Management. Source: (Carter, 2008).
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4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
In this paper, the use of Multi-technologies for Eective Disaster Management
systems are proposed. The Multi-Technologies include ICT, IoT and others. A multi-
stage approach for Eective Disaster Management has been put forth. Disasters
constitute an unexpected, abrupt or gradual phenomena that results in a large scale
loss of human life, often disrupting critical societal sytems and the built environment.
Robust emergency management and timely evacuations from the aected area can
protect human lives. Eective disaster management systems are essential to protect
human lives and critical infrastructure systems. A wide range of technologies for
Eective Disaster Management (EDM) are put forth. The use of leading edge
technologies for Eective Disaster Management systems are discussed and analyzed.
Early technologies for Disaster Management systems include Sirens, Amateur
and Community Radio, and Short Message Services. More recent approaches
inlude Satellite Radio, Information and Communication (ICT) Devices, Internet
of Things (IoTs), Big Data and others. The strengths and weaknesses of possible
solutions for Eective Disaster Management using Multi-Technologies are discussed.
Key conclusions are highlighted to promote more ecient and eective disaster
management.
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